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Understanding Chemical Bonding and Periodic Trends in Allied Health Sciences

This introduction to chemistry focuses on chemical bonding and the periodic trends that affect bonding types in the context of allied health sciences. Key concepts include the classification of bonds as ionic, covalent, or metallic based on atomic characteristics and electronegativity. Utilizing the periodic table, we explore trends such as atomic radii, metallic character, ionization energy, and electron affinity. Through practical examples, students will learn to predict atomic properties and chemical behavior based on location within the periodic table, which is crucial for understanding biological and chemical interactions in healthcare.

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Understanding Chemical Bonding and Periodic Trends in Allied Health Sciences

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  1. Introduction to Chemistryfor Allied Health SciencesKirk HunterChemical Technology DepartmentTexas State Technical College Waco

  2. Chemical Bonding

  3. Predicting Bond Type

  4. Predicting Bond Type • Metallic character of the atoms • Electronegativity

  5. Metallic character of the atoms • Metal + nonmetal  Ionic Bond • NaCl – ionic bond • Nonmetal + nonmetal  Covalent Bond • CO2 – covalent bond

  6. TRENDS • The Periodic Table can be used to predict trends. • Atomic radii • Metallic character • Ionization energy (electron affinity)

  7. TRENDSAtomic Radii • Increases down a group • Increases from right to left

  8. Trends Atomic radius increases

  9. Example Which has a larger atomic radius, Na or K? Answer: Potassium, K is below sodium, Na in Group IA. Potassium’s atomic radius is larger.

  10. Trends

  11. Example Which has a larger atomic radius, Ca or Ni? Answer: Calcium, Ca, is to the left of nickel, Ni in Period 4. Calcium’s atomic radius is larger.

  12. Trends

  13. TRENDSMetallic Character • Increases down a group • Increases from right to left

  14. Trends Metallic character increases

  15. Example Which has the most metallic character, Sn or Pb? Answer: Lead, Pb, is below tin, Sn in Group IVA. Lead has more metallic character.

  16. Trends

  17. Example Which has the most metallic character, Ag or Sr? Answer: Strontium, Sr, is to the right of silver, Ag, in Period 5. Stronium has a more metallic character.

  18. Trends

  19. TRENDSElectronegativity(Electron Affinity) • Increase – bottom to top of Group • Increase – left to right in Period

  20. Trends Electronegativity increases (Electron affinity)

  21. TRENDSIonization Energy

  22. Example Which has a higher ionization energy (electronegativity), Li or Na? Answer: Lithium is above sodium in Group IA. Lithium has a higher ionization energy (electronegativity).

  23. Example Which has a higher ionization energy (electronegativity), N or O? Answer: Oxygen is to the right of nitrogen in Period 2. Oxygen has a higher ionization energy (electronegativity).

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