1 / 12

Exploring Genetics Through Mendel's Discoveries

Dive into the fundamentals of genetics with an introduction to Gregor Mendel's groundbreaking discoveries on heredity. Learn about alleles, dominant and recessive traits, geneotype, and phenotype, and how they determine characteristics like eye color or height. Gain insight into Mendel's laws of segregation and independent assortment, and understand the intricate mechanisms of genetic inheritance.

candice-cross
Télécharger la présentation

Exploring Genetics Through Mendel's Discoveries

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Introduction to Genetics Ms. Lazzaro

  2. Heredity • passing characteristics from parent to offspring (children) • Fertilization-male and female gametes combine to form new offspring • Pollination – (in plants) pollen grains fertilize female gamete

  3. Genetics • study of heredity

  4. Gregor Mendel • in charge of monastery garden, • Father of genetics • studied characteristics of peas and how characteristics are passed on • Normally peas self –pollinate = males fertilize female’s egg of same flower • He would cause cross-polination = offspring (seeds) of 2 different parents • Studied 7 characteristics – study a few or else too many

  5. Mendel’s Findings • Due to his observations, Mendel decided that there must be two factors controlling each trait. He concluded that there was a dominant (A) and a recessive (a) form of each trait and that presence of the dominant form masked the recessive form. Each of these forms is now called an allele. • Mendel’s law of segregation says that a pair of factors is separated or segregated during the formation of gametes (meiosis). • Mendel’s law of independent assortment says that factors for different traits are distributed to gametes independently from one another.

  6. Trait • Characteristic • example: eye color or hair color or height

  7. Genes • Factors or piece of DNA that determines a characteristic • for example a piece of DNA codes for a protein or product which determines these characteristics

  8. Alleles • different forms or versions of a gene • Example: blue, brown, green eye color • Example: Gene: height; alleles = tall short; • Organisms have 2 alleles for each gene (1 on each chromosome) • Gametes have 1 allele because haploid • Let Y = yellow and y = green since same gene & (only 2 alleles) lets use the same letter

  9. Dominant • seen even if other versions are present ex: Yy and YY both appear yellow no blending • designated with a capital letter • usually more common but not always Recessive • NOT seen if other versions are present • Only if homozygous recessive yy • designated with a lower case letter

  10. Geneotype • Genetic make-up • the alleles you have • Homozygous = have the same alleles for a particular gene example: YY or yy • Heterozygous = have different alleles for a particular gene example: Yy

  11. Pheneotype • Physical appearance • characteristics we see • If YY or Yy = appears yellow (so phenotype = yellow) • If yy = green • Why is Yy yellow not green?

More Related