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James CARTER: Foreign Policy

James CARTER: Foreign Policy. 1977-1981. President Carter’s foreign policy. guiding principle = human rights believed fundamental problem of the American economy in the late 1970s was U.S. dependence on foreign oil signed treaties restoring Panamanian sovereignty over the Canal Zone

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James CARTER: Foreign Policy

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  1. James CARTER: Foreign Policy 1977-1981

  2. President Carter’s foreign policy • guiding principle = human rights • believed fundamental problem of the American economy in the late 1970s was U.S. dependence on foreign oil • signed treaties restoring Panamanian sovereignty over the Canal Zone • 1978 treaty that would go into effect 1999 • established formal diplomatic relations with mainland China (1979)

  3. ISRAEL – EGYPT • most spectacular achievement = Camp David Agreement between Israel and Egypt • Met with leaders for two weeks 1978 • Egyptian leader – Anwar Sadat • Israeli leader – Menachem Begin • Carter’s diplomatic efforts in relieving the tensions between Egypt and Israel resulted in a formal peace treaty between Egypt and Israel • Israel agreed to return the Sinai to Egypt • Egypt recognized Israel’s “right to exist”

  4. SOVIET UNION • Carter called for the renewal of the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks • The Salt II arms control agreement met with opposition from conservatives in the Senate because of a lingering and fundamental distrust of the Soviet Union • Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan • measures taken by President Carter in response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan • The SALT II Treaty between the Soviet Union and the United States died in the Senate • Boycotting the 1980 Olympic Games (held in Moscow)

  5. IRAN • From the 1950s until the 1970s, United States policy toward Iran emphasized political and military support of the Shah • 1978 – revolution replaced the Shah with Ayatollah Khomeini • US support of the Shah = anti-American feelings by the revolutionaries • 1979 : Carter allowed the exiled Shah to come to the US in for medical treatment • Iranians took over the US embassy in Teheran taking hostages • Demanded return of Shah to Iran for trial and that his wealth be confiscated and given to Iran (Iranian hostage crisis) • US Response: • rejected those demands & established a trade embargo against Iran & appealed to the UN & later (1980) failed military rescue • President Carter took the action of negotiating the release of the hostages after more than a year of captivity • 1981 Hostages released

  6. FIND THE TED KOPPEL SPECIAL ON IRAN

  7. chronological order • 1973 - Arab oil embargo • 1975 - fall of Saigon • 1979 - Iranian hostage crisis • 1979 - Soviet invasion of Afghanistan

  8. Carter Foreign Policy Q & A

  9. What foreign policy of the previous Republican presidents did Carter reject and why did he reject it? rejected Realpolitick the policy of negotiating with powerful nations regardless of their behavior because he wanted a foreign policy committed to human rights wanted to use moral principles as a guide for US foreign policy

  10. Jimmy Carter supported a US foreign policy that would promote what throughout the world ? HUMAN RIGHTS

  11. How did President Carter put his foreign policy philosophy into practice ? Cut off military aid to countries that had imprisoned or tortured thousand of their own citizens Also established a Bureau of Human Rights in the State Department

  12. What problems did critics have with Carter’s foreign policy philosophy? It undercut Cold War alliances (like Nicaragua which was a dictatorial but anti-Communist country) Was inconsistent in its treatment of dictators (supported dictators in South Korea and Philippines)

  13. What was one of the key features of the treaty signed by the United States with Panama that improved relationship between the United States and Latin American in 1978? Turned over control of the Panama Canal to Panama on December 31, 1999

  14. What is the word that means opponents of a government’s policies? Dissidents

  15. Carter’s dismay over what delayed a second round of SALT negotiations between the US and USSR? The Soviet Unions treatment of dissidents

  16. What was the name of the agreement between the US and USSR that did not reduce armaments but set limits on the number of armaments each side could produce? SALT II

  17. Why was the above agreement never ratified by the US Senate? Soviet invasion of Afghanistan

  18. What was the name of the strong Muslim rebel group that was intent on overthrowing the communist, pro-Soviet government in Afghanistan that caused the Soviets Union to send troops to Afghanistan in 1979? Muhjahadeen

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