1 / 12

Energy Development in Rural Areas

This presentation explores the critical issues and advancements in energy access for rural areas, highlighting the dependence on biomass and the progress seen from the 1970s to 1990s. Focused on regions such as China, India, and Latin America, it examines cooking methods relying on low-efficiency biomass and various electricity generation sources including diesel, biopower, photovoltaics, and wind. The paper also discusses government roles, energy extension programs, and current policies, emphasizing the importance of sustainable solutions for energy crises in developing regions.

candie
Télécharger la présentation

Energy Development in Rural Areas

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Energy Development in Rural Areas Amanda Wiggins University of Texas Department of Chemical Engineering ChE 379 Fall 2005

  2. Outline • Problem and Background • Progress • Cooking Methods • Fuel Sources for Electricity • Programs • Government and U.S. Roles

  3. Rural Energy Crisis • Dependent upon biomass • 1/3 of all consumed energy in the developing areas • Grid extension costly • Rural areas have sporadic energy needs • Require a small amount of energy • Primary areas of concern • China (largest amount of success) • India • Latin America (Brazil) • Africa

  4. Progress • 1970’s • 23 % of rural population have access to electricity • Major concern on energy crisis, not rural areas • 1980’s • 33 % have access to electricity • 1990’s • 44 % have access to electricity • 33% if Chinese efforts excluded

  5. Cooking Methods • All from biomass • Animal dung • Crop residues • Wood  Charcoal • Low efficiency • Biomass: 10%, LPG: 65% • Alternatives (move away from raw biomass) • Biogas (animal waste biomass) • Producer Gas (crop residue biomass)

  6. Fuel Sources for Electricity • Diesel-engine generators • Small-scale biopower and hydropower • Photovoltaics • Wind • LPG (only viable in specific situations)

  7. Diesel-Engine Generators • 2-3 times the cost of implemented grid electricity • Less than cost of grid extension • Assists in general energy needs and agricultural needs

  8. Small-Scale Biopower and Hydropower • Biopower replaces the diesel needed • Use producer gas • Improves economic growth • Micro, mini, and small hydropower • Mini is the most common • Unreliable • Droughts, slow river speeds

  9. Photovoltaics • Small-scale electricity • Largest use in Kenya • Joint venture with Shell and Eskom (South Africa) • Leasing methods • >90% collection rate

  10. Wind • Standalone and hybrid systems • Hybrids in densely populated areas • Decrease air pollution • Standalone systems manufactured in house to reduce costs • Hybrids eliminate some diesel fuel • Hybrid technology in industrialized countries • Imports raise the price • Joint ventures

  11. Energy Extension Programs • Chinese National Improved Stoves Program • Largest program to date • Biomass stoves • Kenyan charcoal stove movement • Did not require chimneys • Indoor CO pollution • Bangladesh rural cooperatives • Government supported take-over • Rapid expansion of grid-based electricity

  12. Current Policy • Free-enterprise • Credit/rental program for renewable energy equipment • Private sectors very successful • Government subsidies • Hurts the situation in most areas • U.S. government has little involvement • Technology development

More Related