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Impact of 2012 Drought & Corn Production Research Update Agronomy In-service January 4, 2013

Impact of 2012 Drought & Corn Production Research Update Agronomy In-service January 4, 2013. Peter Thomison Horticulture and Crop Science Ohio State University thomison.1@osu.edu. = 2012. Progress of 2012 Corn Crop. % complete. = Normal. Planting. Harves t. 4/1. 5/21. 9/21.

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Impact of 2012 Drought & Corn Production Research Update Agronomy In-service January 4, 2013

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  1. Impact of 2012 Drought & Corn Production Research Update Agronomy In-service January 4, 2013 Peter Thomison Horticulture and Crop Science Ohio State University thomison.1@osu.edu

  2. = 2012 Progress of 2012 Corn Crop % complete =Normal Planting Harvest 4/1 5/21 9/21 11/26 Start & Finish Dates • 79% of the corn crop was planted by May 7

  3. Precipitation Across Ohio, April 1-Sept 30, 2012.

  4. GDD Accumulation across Ohio, April 1-Sept 30, 2012.

  5. Drought Stressed Corn - Early Vegetative Stages- P. R. Thomison, OSU B-1-102

  6. “Floppy Corn” Caused by Rootless Corn

  7. Drought stressin CornNW Ohiolate June 2012

  8. Drought stress in corn. Columbus, OHlate June 2012

  9. Drought stressed corn near tassel emergence

  10. Drought Effects on Development

  11. “Nubbin Ears”due to drought stressin CornNW Ohiolate June 2012

  12. Poor kernel set due to record heat and drought NW Ohio 2012

  13. Drought Effects on Ear Development

  14. Water Use Rates for Corn

  15. Effects of Drought on Corn Yield During Several Stages of Growth* * After four consecutive days of visible leaf wilting

  16. High temperatures impact on corn (E. Taylor, Iowa State University, 2012) • When soil moisture is sufficient, corn does not have a measurable yield response to one day of temperatures between 93F to 98 F • 4th consecutive day with a max temperature of 93 F or above, results in a 1 percent yield loss • 5th day an additional 2 percent loss • 6th day an additional 4 percent loss.

  17. Stress Degree Days (SDDs) for corn • SDDs for corn calculated by determining daily maximum temperatures minus 86 added up for the growing season • Ohio accumuated 203 SDDs by July 15. • Usually above 140 SDDs for an entire season means below trend line yields.

  18. Stress Degree Days - S. Charleston, OH2009 (242 bu/A) vs. 2012 (234 bu/A)

  19. Stress Degree Days - Hoytville, OH2009 (164 bu/A) vs. 2012 (178 bu/A)

  20. Stress Degree Days - Wooster, OH2009 (247 bu/A) vs. 2012 (194 bu/A)

  21. Grain Yield vs. Stress Degree Days* 2012 OCPT * Accumulated stress degree days, May-Aug

  22. Root lodging resulting from wind storms SW Ohio, June 29-July 1, 2012

  23. Root lodging damage due to wind stormsSW Ohio, 6/30-7/1 2012

  24. Green snap resulting from wind stormsSW Ohio, 6/29-7/1/2012

  25. Green snap resulting from wind stormsSW Ohio, 6/29-7/1/2012

  26. Major stand loss caused by green snap SW Ohio, 6/29-7/1/2012

  27. Greensnap at OCPT sites, 2012

  28. % Greensnap effects on yield, S.Charleston, OH Early Maturity Test, By Hybrid, averaged across Reps

  29. % Greensnap effects on yield, S. Charleston, OH Full Season Test, by hybrid, averaged across reps

  30. Corn Cropping Systems 2012 Field Studies • Hybrid drought tolerance • Hybrid x planting depth x planting depth interactions • Stobilurin effects on N use efficiency • Hybrid x population interactions • Hybrid maturity effects on grain fill • Ohio Corn Performance Test (OCPT)

  31. Does hybrid response to planting depth vary on different soil types and planting dates? • Locations (soil types) • OCPT (10 sites – 2011, 2012) • NW, SC (w/planting 3 planting dates*, 2012 only) • *Planting dates – early April, May, June • Hybrids: 3 (varying in drought rating) • 107 day • 108 day • 109 day

  32. Planting Depth Affects Emergence ½ in. 2 in. >3 in. Source: http://ohioline.osu.edu/agf-fact/0150.html

  33. Competition from larger, earlier emerging plants can influence the performance of smaller, later emerging plants. VE V2 V4

  34. Current Corn Recommendations Planting Depth Adjustments • Under “normal” conditions, plant corn 1.5 to 2-inches deep. • Plant slightly shallower in April and slightly deeper w/late May plantings

  35. Planting Depth Effects on Yield, Final Stand and Runts, 10 OCPT Locations, 2011 Yield (Bu/A) Population (ppa) % Late emergers Planting Depth (inches)

  36. Planting Depth Effects on Yield, Final Stand and Runts, 10 Ohio Locations, 2012 Yield (Bu/A) Population (ppa) % Runts Planting Depth

  37. Planting Depth and Planting Date Effects on Yield and Final Stand. Hoytville, OH, 2012

  38. Planting Depth and Planting Date Effects on Yield and Final Stand, S. Charleston, OH Crosby silt loam, 2012

  39. Planting Depth and Planting Date Effects on Yield and Final Stand, S. Charleston, OH Kokomo silty clay loam, 2012

  40. Planting date effects on root lodging† S. Charleston, OH, 2012 † June 30-July 1, 2012

  41. Planting date effects on greensnap† S. Charleston, OH, 2012 † June 30-July 1, 2012

  42. Planting date and hybrid effects on greensnap† on two soil types, S. Charleston, OH, 2012 KokomoCrosby † June 30-July 1, 2012

  43. New Drought Tolerant Corn Hybrids • DuPont Pioneer • Optimum AQUAmax hybrids • “8.1% yield increase under water stress conditions” • “1.8% yield bump in well-watered conditions” • Syngenta • Agrisure Artesian hybrids • “have the potential to increase yield up to 15% in moderate-to-severe drought conditions with no yield drag under optimal moisture.” • Monsanto (w/BASF) • Genuity DroughtGard transgenic hybrids

  44. Evaluation of planting date and seeding rate effects on drought tolerant corn hybrids • Locations • OCPT (10 sites – 2011, 2012) • NW, SC, WO (2011 only) • *Planting dates – early May vs. early June • Target plant populations 18,000;26,000;34,000;42,000;50,000 plants/A • Hybrids: 2 - 4 four drought tolerant hybrids compared with conventional hybrids of similar maturity (102, 111, 113, and 114 days)

  45. Comparison of Drought Tolerant and Conventional Hybrids, S. Charleston, OH 2011 NS NS NS

  46. Comparison of Drought Tolerant and Conventional Hybrids, Hoytville, OH 2011 * NS NS

  47. Comparison of Drought Tolerant and Conventional Hybrids, Wooster, OH 2011 * * NS

  48. Comparison of Drought Tolerant and Conventional Hybrids, S. Charleston, OH 2012 * * NS * NS

  49. Comparison of Drought Tolerant and Conventional Hybrids, Hoytville, OH 2012 * * * * *

  50. Comparison of Drought Tolerant and Conventional Hybrids, S. Charleston, OH 2012 Planted May 14 Planted June 8 * NS NS * * NS

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