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Understanding Wave-Particle Duality: The Nature of Light

This piece delves into the wave-particle duality of light and matter, illustrating how light exhibits both wave-like behavior through phenomena such as polarization, diffraction, and interference patterns, as well as particle-like properties in the context of the photoelectric effect. It explains key concepts of quantum theory, including energy quantization, Planck's constant, and the relationship between frequency and energy. Additionally, it covers the photoelectric effect and Compton scattering, providing insights into the complex nature of photons and their interactions with matter.

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Understanding Wave-Particle Duality: The Nature of Light

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  1. Modern Physics Wave Particle Duality of Energy and Matter Is light a particle or a wave? We have see that light acts like a wave from polarization, diffraction, and interference patterns. However, light does act like a particle! The quantum theory of the photoelectric effect shows us this.

  2. Quantum theory • Electromagnetic energy is emitted from and absorbed in discrete amounts or packets called quanta. The amount of energy is directly proportional to the frequency of light. • E = hf = hc/ • h is called Plank’s constant 6.63 x 10 -34 js • The graph of Kinetic Energy of a photon vs. frequency the slope of the line is always Plank’s constant. • Frequency is to energy at amplitude is to rate of emissions. • Which color of light red or blue has greater enegy?

  3. Blue! E = hf E = (6.63 x 10 -34 js) (6.4 x 10 14hz) blue E = 4.24 x 10 -19 j E = (6.63 x 10 -34 js) (4.1 x 10 14hz) red E = 2.72 x 10 -19 j You can convert these energies into electron volts by dividing by 1.6 x 10 -19 j/ev. 4.24 x 10 -19 j /1.6 x 10 -19 j/ev = 2.65 ev 2.72 x 10 -19 j /1.6 x 10 -19 j/ev = 1.7ev

  4. Photoelectric Effect: electrons are emitted from a metal surface when light shines on it if the frequency is at least the threshold frequency. • KEmax = hf–wo • Compton effect: • Momentum of incident photon = momentum of scattered photon + momentum of recoil electron. • hf = hf’ + KE • DeBroglieWavelength: • Particles can exhibit properties of waves. •  = h/p

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