1. Metabolic Acidosis Sana Javed UG-3 Section-A

2. What is Metabolic Acidosis? • A pH imbalance in which the body has accumulated too much acid due to metabolism and does not have enough bicarbonate to effectively neutralize the effects of the acid • Characterized by: • Reduction in serum bicarbonate (HCO3−) concentration • Decrease in the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) • Reduction in blood pH <7.35

3. Normal body Compensation • Maintenance of slightly basic pH is manifested by HCO3- in blood • Acidic pH: ultimate CO2 + H2O + H+excretion under normal conditions

4. Causes & Types • Myocardial Infarction- Lactic Acidosis • Renal failure- Renal Acidosis • Excessive fat metabolism in the absence of carbohydrates: • Type 1 diabetes (Diabetic ketoacidosis), malnutrition, low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet

5. Symptoms • Headache & lethargy • Drowsiness • Hyperventilation (as the lungs attempt to compensate by “blowing off” carbon dioxide) • Nausea • Vomiting • Stupor, coma & death

6. Diagnosis • Arterial Blood Gas: A snapshot of the blood's pH, PaO2, & PaCO2 (>45mmHg) • HCO3- (<24mM/L) • Serum electrolytes: Na+, K+, Cl-, & HCO3- levels • Urine pH levels: pH<6

7. Treatment • Sodium bicarbonate I.V. • Evaluation and correction of electrolyte imbalances • Food • Injections • Supplements • Correction of the underlying cause

8. Thank You!