Sketching in Design: Formalizing Transformational Process

1. Sketching in Design: Formalising a transformational process Sungwoo Lim Strathclyde University, UK Miquel PratsThe Open University, UK Scott ChaseStrathclyde University, UK Steve GarnerThe Open University, UK

2. Outline • DSSG project (Design Synthesis and Shape Generation) • Formal shape generation: Shape rules • Experimental investigation: Sketch observation • Classification of shape transformations • Future research

3. School of Mechanical Engineering Department of Architecture Department of Design and Innovation http://www.engineering.leeds.ac.uk/dssg/ 1. DSSG project

4. 1. DSSG project … we anticipate three intertwined cycles Communication betweenthetwo The Shape Synthesis System generating shapes The designer designing shapes

5. How do designers, across a range of disciplines, generate shapes? What similarities and differences in approach can be observed? In shape grammar-based systems, can computer vision techniques be used to resolve the sub-shape detection problem? How might the ability to compute shapes enhance the act of designing itself? 1. DSSG project Aims and objectives of the DSSG project

6. How do designers, across a range of disciplines, generate shapes? What similarities and differences in approach can be observed? 1. DSSG project Aims and objectives of the DSSG project

7. 2. Formal shape generation … we anticipate three intertwined cycles Communication betweenthetwo The Shape Synthesis System generating shapes The designer designing shapes

8. 2. Formal shape generation Different interpretations of a shape: Shape rule example and its application:

9. 2. Formal shape generation Shape rules: Generate shapes within design networks:

10. 2. Formal shape generation Example of application of shape rules: The Villas of Andrea Palladio Examples of shape rules Examples of designs generated by the shape rules

11. 3. Experimental investigation … we anticipate three intertwined cycles Communication betweenthetwo The Shape Synthesis System generating shapes The designer designing shapes

12. Task 1 Task 2 Task 3 3 minutes each 10 minutes 14 minutes Industrial designers: Kettle Architects: Building Industrial designers: Lemon squeezer Architects: Building Learn about (re)interpretation Learn about design networks Learn about segmentation 3. Experimental investigation • 8 industrial designers and 6 architects took part in this study • Participants undertook three tasks

13. 3. Experimental investigation The actions of the participants were video recorded and their pen strokes were captured using a tablet input device At the end of the tasks participants were asked to elaborate on the interpretations and manipulations of their sketches

14. Interpreted as side view 5 participants Interpreted as top view 5 participants 3. Experimental investigation 5 out of 8 participants had more than one interpretation of the initial design during the design process Initial design Interpreted as a component of the lemon squeezer 4 participants

15. Capture shape transformations via shape rules participant 1 participant 2 participant 3 participant 4 participant 5 … 4. Classification of shape rules

16. 4. Classification of shape rules participant 1

17. 4. Classification of shape rules Classification of general shape rules

18. 4. Classification of shape rules Capture shape transform-ations in sketches via general shape rules Frequency of use of general shape rules

19. 5. Future research

20. Examples of designs generated via application of three shape rules 5. Future research