Yr 13 Exercise and Sports Physiological

1. Yr 13Exercise and Sports Physiological Ergogenic Aids

2. Lesson Objectives What? • Understand how dietary manipulation can enhance performance • Explain the use of blood doping and EPO as an aid to endurance athletes • Identify the possible effects of alcohol, caffeine, anabolic steroids and creatine on sports performance • Highlight the possible benefits and potential risks of using such ergogenic aids How? • Research through group task • Present information through a variety of means to suit your learning. Why? To gain the edge over rivals, aerobic athletes may be tempted to use an illegal ergogenic aid. Explain the ways in which such aids physiologically enhance performance. What are the long term negative physiological effects? (5 marks) Exam type Question

3. Ergogenic Aids An ergogenic aid is any substance that aids performance. This is by no means a new concept. Athletes have been taking substances to enhance performance from the very first days of sport. Ancient Greeks ate mushrooms and the Aztecs ate human hearts. Ergogenic aids are now big business and have taken shape in many forms.

4. Nutritional Aids Carbohydrate Loading • This process involves the muscles ‘super-compensating’ and increasing glycogen stores. • Depletion – through exercise to reduce liver and muscle glycogen stores. • Repletion – a high carb diet normally during tapered period of training (3 days prior to event). • High consumption of carbohydrate (CHO) – at least 70%. • The body super compensates for the previous lack of glycogen and stores more than before, thus increasing muscle glycogen levels

5. Carbohydrate Loading Who will benefit? • Performers who take part in long duration aerobic events with over 90 minutes continuous activity. Potential risks • Training without sufficient glycogen is very difficult and quality of training may well be lost. • Also a danger of having depleted glycogen stores if not following the correct diet. • Additionally, the athlete may gain weight because of water retention.

6. Nutritional Aids Pre-event meals • Pre-event meals eaten 2 to 4 hours before will ensure that liver glycogen stores are high. • Performers who rely on the breakdown of glucose for energy such as games players or aerobic athletes • If consumed 15-45 before exercise it can have a negative effect. The large amount of glucose in the blood stimulates insulin to remove the glucose – hypoglycaemia – early tiredness Post-event meals • Liver glycogen stores are readily replaced within hours after a rich carbohydrate-rich meal. Muscle glycogen stores are much harder to replace and can take several days. • Best consumed as soon as possible after exercise • Performers who utilised carbohydrate as an energy source

7. Your Task • In small groups you will be given 2 Ergogenic Aids. • For each Ergogenic Aid you will need to research, create and present an informative poster to the rest of the class • Your research should answer: • What does the Ergogenic Aid aim to enhance? • What are the potential benefits of the specific Ergogenic Aid • What are the potential risks of their use? • What type of Athlete / sportsperson would benefit from its use?