Promotion of the Geothermal Energy through Education and Training

1. Promotion of the Geothermal Energy through Education and Training Marcel ROŞCA University of Oradea • Introduction • The UNU Geothermal Training Programme • The International School of Geothermics • The International Geothermal Association 4.1 WGC Associated Short Courses 4.2 The International Summer School • The University of Oradea • Conclusions Launching Conference Orleans, Feb. 13-15, 2006

2. Promotion of the Geothermal Energy through Education and Training 1. Introduction Higher education available in specialisations related to geothermal energy exploration, exploitation, and utilisation. Usually specific geothermal topics are not presented in the existing graduate courses. Post-graduate specialisation in renewable energy sources, including geothermal, is currently available in few universities and training centres. Most geothermal courses around the world, including some in Europe, stopped or reduced activity due to lack of financial support. Launching Conference Orleans, Feb. 13-15, 2006

3. Promotion of the Geothermal Energy through Education and Training 2. The UNU Geothermal Training Programme in Reykjavik - Established in 1978 by the United Nations University and the Government of Iceland. - 6 months (26 weeks) training in 9 specialisations: • geological exploration; • borehole geology; • geophysical exploration; • borehole geophysics; • reservoir engineering; • environmental studies; • chemistry of thermal fluids; • geothermal utilisation; • drilling technology. - 5 weeks introductory course, 7 weeks specialised course, 2 weeks field trip, 12 weeks final report. Launching Conference Orleans, Feb. 13-15, 2006

4. Promotion of the Geothermal Energy through Education and Training 2. The UNU Geothermal Training Programme in Reykjavik (2) - Aim: to assist countries to build up groups of specialists in the fields of sustainable geothermal development. - Already 340 fellows from 39 countries, 17% from CEE. - Since 2000, M.Sc. in geothermal science and engineering, in cooperation with the University of Iceland (25% of credits from the 6 months training). - Activities funded by: • Government of Iceland 80 – 90%; • United Nations University 10 – 20%. - Other entities (e.g. UNDP) occasionally financed individual fellowships (6 months or less). - More information: Ingvar B. Fridleifsson. Launching Conference Orleans, Feb. 13-15, 2006

5. Promotion of the Geothermal Energy through Education and Training 3. The International School of Geothermics in Pisa - Established in 1969 by an agreement between UNESCO, the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the National Research Council of Italy (CNR). - Organised 22 long term (5-10 months) courses for a total of 324 graduates from 22 countries. - Organised 8 short courses associated to the WGC 1995 (Italy) and WGC 2000 (Japan), and short courses (1-3 weeks) in 10 countries (under the auspices of UNESCO), with a total of 532 participants since 1985. - Financial resources from CNR and UNESCO. - More information: Marnell Dickson, Adele Manzella. Launching Conference Orleans, Feb. 13-15, 2006

6. Promotion of the Geothermal Energy through Education and Training 4. The International Geothermal Association - Founded in 1988, is a scientific, educational and cultural organization established to operate worldwide. - Has more than 2000 members in 65 countries. - Objectives: to encourage research, development and utilisation of geothermal resources through the compilation, publication and dissemination of scientific and technical data and information. - Organises every 5 years the World Geothermal Congress and Associated Short Courses. - Offers up to 5,000 USD financial support to educational events organised worldwide, usually for fellowships for participants form developing countries. - Compiled a Roster of available lecturers. Launching Conference Orleans, Feb. 13-15, 2006

7. Promotion of the Geothermal Energy through Education and Training 4.1 The WGC Associated Short Courses - WGC 1995 in Florence, Italy: • total 1451 participants; • 4 short courses organised by the International School of Geothermics in Pisa. - WGC 2000 in Beppu and Morioka, Japan: • total 1800 participants; • 4 short courses organised by the International School of Geothermics in Pisa. - WGC 2005 in Antalya, Turkey: • total 1301 participants; • 3 short courses organised by the International Summer School for the Direct Application of Geothermal Energy; • 1 short course organised by the World Bank GeoFund. - Funds from fees, donations, grants, UNU-GTP, UNU, etc. Launching Conference Orleans, Feb. 13-15, 2006

8. Promotion of the Geothermal Energy through Education and Training 4.2 The ISS for the Direct Application of Geothermal Energy - Established in 1989, registered in Skopje, Macedonia. - Since 1999 officially forms an integral part of the IGA Education Committee activities. - Organised 14 events (course, seminar, workshop) in 10 countries, usually one per year. - Participants: 40-60 for courses, 60-70 for seminars and workshops. - All events organised in collaboration with local entities. - Local organiser defines the topics and provides venue. - ISS provides organising experience and lecturers. - Funds mainly from local organiser, and ISS up to 5,000 USD from the IGA. - Future funding: WB GeoFund (through the IGA). Launching Conference Orleans, Feb. 13-15, 2006

9. Promotion of the Geothermal Energy through Education and Training 5. The University of Oradea, Romania - First faculty established in Oradea in 1788 (Law). - Established in 1990 as the Technical University of Oradea, changed to University of Oradea in 1991. - Has at present 18 faculties, about 20,000 students in graduate and post-graduate studies, 123 graduate specialisations, 151 post-graduate specialisations, 10 doctoral fields, and almost 2,000 employees. - Involved in geothermal research and training: • National Geothermal Research Centre; • International Geothermal Training Centre; • Faculty of Energy Engineering; • Faculty of Electrical Engineering and IT; • Faculty of Sciences; • Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy. Launching Conference Orleans, Feb. 13-15, 2006

10. Promotion of the Geothermal Energy through Education and Training 5. The University of Oradea, Romania (2) - Specialisations offered by the Faculty of Energy Engineering: • Thermal Energy Engineering (oriented to renewable energy sources) – B.Sc. • Utilisation of Geothermal and Solar Energy – M.Sc. - Specialisations offered by the International Geothermal Training Centre: • Energy Engineering of Geothermal Resources (1 year); • SCADA operators (2 weeks); • Management of Geothermal Systems (1 week); • Automation of Geothermal Heating Systems (6 weeks); • Exploitation of Geothermal Reservoirs. - Tuition fees fixed annually by the University Senate (still low, hundreds of euros per year). Launching Conference Orleans, Feb. 13-15, 2006

11. Promotion of the Geothermal Energy through Education and Training 6. Conclusions - Geothermal projects need specialists in many fields able to communicate with each other. - Basic training in related fields available in many countries, but in very few on geothermal. - On-the-job in-house training still quite common. - Geothermal training expected to grow in near future. - First step: identify universities offering training in fields related to geothermal and try to add specific topics in their regular courses. - Second step: start new M.Sc. programs, basic curricula to be defined. - Recommendation: try to use the experience already acquired in some institutions. Launching Conference Orleans, Feb. 13-15, 2006