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EOC US HISTORY Review Flashcards

EOC US HISTORY Review Flashcards. 1. FREE ENTERPRISE SYSTEM. The American system People are free to produce and sell whatever they wish Based on supply and demand. 2. EXPANSION OF RAILROADS. Transcontinental Railroad connected the east to the west Sped up travel Opened up markets.

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EOC US HISTORY Review Flashcards

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  1. EOCUS HISTORY Review Flashcards

  2. 1. FREE ENTERPRISE SYSTEM • The American system • People are free to produce and sell whatever they wish • Based on supply and demand

  3. 2. EXPANSION OF RAILROADS • Transcontinental Railroad connected the east to the west • Sped up travel • Opened up markets

  4. 3. TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS • Bessemer Process – better cheaper steel • Electricity – powered the industrial age • Sewing machines, typewriter, telephone and oil

  5. 4. ROBBER BARONS • Businessmen who used ruthless tactics to destroy competition and keep workers wages low.

  6. 5. ANDREW CARNEGIE • Robber Baron or Captain of Industry • Gospel of Wealth • Carnegie Steel • Philanthropist

  7. 6. JOHN D ROCKEFELLER • Robber Baron or Captain of Industry • Standard Oil • Philanthropist

  8. 7. PROBLEMS OF WORKERS • Long hours, low wages • Poor /dangerous working conditions • Child labor

  9. 8. RISE OF LABOR UNIONS • Knights of Labor – Terrence Powderly • American Federation of Labor – Samuel Gompers • Government was anti-labor

  10. 9. URBANIZATION • Movement of people from the country to the cities (from rural to urban) • LED TO: • Crowded tenements\ • Pollution • Limited essential public services

  11. 10. POLITICAL CORRUPTION • Political machines were run by POLITICAL BOSSES who helped immigrants by stealing from city governments

  12. 11. IMMIGRATION • Push factors: oppression, poverty, wars, persecution • PULL FACTORS: the American dream of economic opportunity

  13. 12. NEW IMMIGRANTS • Came from Southern and Eastern Europe • Mostly Catholic and Jewish • Less educated • Spoke no English • Led to Americanization – learning the speak, act and behave as Americans

  14. 13. DISCOVERY OF GOLD • California Gold Rush (1849) • Klondike Gold Rush (1896) – in the Yukon near Alaska

  15. 14. HOMESTEAD ACT (1862) * Helped in the settling of the west * Lands given to anyone willing to move west

  16. 15. THE WEST • Ranchers – drove cattle on long drives across the open range • Farmers – soddys and dugouts. Barbed wire, steel plow, mechanical reaper

  17. 16. DAWES ACT (1887) • “Americanize” the Native Americans • Abolished tribes

  18. 17. AMERICAN INDIAN CITIZENSHIP ACT (1924) • US Citizenship to all Native American born in the US

  19. 18. PROBLEMS OF FARMERS • Increased production led to lower prices • Were at the mercy of railroads for shipping • Constantly in debt • Led to the Grange Movement – economic and political reform for farmers

  20. 19. INTERSTATE COMMERCE ACT • First time government intervened in business • Regulated railroad rates

  21. 20. POPULIST PARTY • Third Party representing laborers, farmers and industrial workers • Third parties provide an outlet for minority grievances • Their ideas usually adopted by major parties

  22. 21. POPULIST PLATFORM • William Jennings Bryan for President • Bimetallism (gold and silver) • Cross of Gold speech • Direct election of senators • Graduated income tax

  23. 22. PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT • Sought to correct political and economic injustices from industrialization • Included the Social Gospel Movement that said Christians should help their fellow man • Included Jane Addams -Leader of the settlement house movement: Hull House • WEB DuBois - African American leader who helped found the NAACP and called for education for African Americans

  24. 23. MUCKRAKERS • Reporters who wrote about the ills of American society • Upton Sinclair – wrote about problems in the meatpacking industry • Jacob Riis who used pictures to show “How the Other Half Lives” – poverty in urban areas

  25. 24. THEODORE ROOSEVELT • Square Deal • Progressive President • Trust buster • Meat Inspection Act • Pure Food and Drug Act • Natural Resources

  26. 25. WOODROW WILSON • Progressive President • New Freedom • WWI

  27. 26. 16th AMENDMENT • Income Tax • Passed under Wilson • Progressive Era

  28. 27. 17th AMENDMENT • Direct Election of Senators • More power to the people • Progressive Era

  29. 28. SUSAN B ANTHONY • Led the Women’s Suffrage Movement

  30. 29. 19th AMENDMENT • Gave women the right to vote • 1920

  31. 30. SPANISH AMERICAN WAR (1898) • To protect US interest in Cuba • Yellow Journalism • De Lome Letter • Sinking of the USS Maine

  32. 31. RESULTS OF SPAM WAR • US acquired the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam • Cuba became a protectorate of the US • US became a world power

  33. 32. US EXPANSIONISM • Need for raw materials • Spread Christianity • Fueling stations

  34. 33. ALFRED THAYER MAHAN • Called for the US to create a strong Navy

  35. 34. US IN THE PACIFIC • Philippines – Filipino American War • Hawaii – military base and fueling station • Pacific Islands – fueling stations in Guam, Samoa and Midway

  36. 35. OPEN DOOR POLICY • John Hay • Spheres of influence in China (trade open to all)

  37. 36. PANAMA CANAL • Faster from Atlantic to Pacific • Theodore Roosevelt

  38. 37. ROOSEVELT COROLLARY • Addendum to the Monroe Doctrine • US in charge of Western Hemisphere / Latin America

  39. 38. WORLD WAR I CAUSES • MAIN • M – militarism • A – alliances • I – imperialism • N – nationalism • Spark – assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

  40. 39. US ENTRY INTO WWI • Zimmerann Telegram • Sinking of the Lusitania • Unrestricted submarine warfare • Russia dropped out – now all fighting for democracy

  41. 40. WEAPONS OF WWI • Submarines • Machine guns • Air planes • Tanks • Poison gas • Trench warfare

  42. 41. WORLD WAR I • Selective Service Act – the draft • AEP (American Expeditionary Force) – American troops in Europe, • John J Pershing – Led the AEP • Battle of Argonne Forest – defeat of the Germans • Alvin York – most decorated soldier of WWI

  43. 42. 14 POINTS • Woodrow Wilson’s plan for peace after WWI • Only League of Nations was adopted (not by the US)

  44. 43. TREATY OF VERSAILLES • Punished Germany • Reparations • Created 9 new countries • Russia lost more land than anyone

  45. 44. HENRY CABOT LODGE • US senator who led the fight against joining the League of Nations

  46. 45. PRESIDENT WARREN HARDING • Wanted the US to “return to normalcy” after WWI • Teapot Dome scandal – selling government lands for personal profit

  47. 46. CALVIN COOLIDGE • The business of America is business

  48. 47. RISE OF THE AUTOMOBILE • Cars allowed for greater mobility • Model T - $300 • Assembly line • Standardized parts

  49. 48. NEW INDUSTRIES OF THE 20’S • Electrical appliances • Radio • Movies

  50. 49. 18 AMENDMENT • Prohibition – outlaw of alcohol • Failure • Led to organized crime

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