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CONGRESS OF VIENNA

CONGRESS OF VIENNA. Dates Nov 1814 – June 1815 Challenge Restoration of Europe 1st time in history leaders met to make treaties Conservatives – “Old Order” “ BIG 4 ” Metternich – Austria Alexander I – Russia Castlereagh – Great Britain Frederick William III - Prussia. BEFORE “C of V”.

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CONGRESS OF VIENNA

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  1. CONGRESS OF VIENNA Dates Nov 1814 – June 1815 Challenge Restoration of Europe 1st time in history leaders met to make treaties Conservatives – “Old Order” “BIG 4” Metternich – Austria Alexander I – Russia Castlereagh – Great Britain Frederick William III - Prussia

  2. BEFORE “C of V”

  3. AFTER “C of V”

  4. CONGRESS OF VIENNA 3 GOALS 1)Restore “Old Order” Monarchy, Nobility, Church put out “Revolutionary Fires” Reduce rights No separation of powers No constitutions to limit power of monarchs Easier said than done 2)Create lasting peace by establishing “Balance of Power” 3)France pay an indemnity

  5. CONGRESS OF VIENNA RESULTS 1)Re-drew map of Europe Encircle France with stronger countries Lost all land won by Napoleon 2)Quadruple Alliance Austria, Russia, Prussia, Great Britain Protect decisions from “C of V” Keep “balance of power” Put down revolutions 3)Restored “Legitimate” Monarchies 4)Concert of Europe European powers met frequently to discuss issues

  6. CONGRESS OF VIENNA Initial victory for Conservatives, BUT failed to respect growing power of NATIONALISM Independence Gave people their own Identity Create their own “Homeland” Power of Liberals / Nationalists(Nationalism) grew opposed to conservatives Inspired by Enlightenment / French Revolution Defended “Natural Rights” Wanted written constitutions Wanted “separation of powers” Wanted election of officials Many “Nationalities” wanted their freedoms

  7. Revolutions in Europe 1804 Serbia 1815 Serbia 1820’s Spain / Portugal 1830 Greece, France, Belgium, Poland 1848 Germany, Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Italy

  8. Revolutions in Latin America • Society controlled by Spanish born Peninsulares • Put into power by Spanish government • Held all government / church offices • Creoles European-descended Latin Americans • Led many revolts • Wealthy and educated in ideas of Enlightenment • and controlled by Peninsulares • Enlightenment ideas spread • Simon Bolivar • in France during French Revolution • “George Washington of Latin America” • Toussaint L’Overture • born a slave

  9. Revolutions in Latin America • 1791 revolt in Hispaniola (Haiti) • triggered by French Revolution and promises of freedom and equality • 90% of Haitians were slaves • Toussaint joined the rebellion and formed his own army when he saw how unprepared the revolutionaries were • 1793 Toussaint fought for Spain against France • 1794 France ended slavery in its colonies • Spain refused to do the same • Toussaint changed sides and fought for France • France defeated Spain • Toussaint took control of Hispaniola, but it was still a French colony

  10. Revolutions in Latin America • Toussaint governed independently of Napoleon • Napoleon viewed Toussaint as a threat to French control • 1802 Napoleon defeated Toussaint • Toussaint surrendered and Napoleon agree to: • Recognized independence of Haiti in exchange for Toussaint retiring • Later, Napoleon had Toussaint put in a dungeon where he died of cold, starvation and neglect

  11. Revolutions in Latin America • 1808 Liberals led by Simon Bolivar revolted against Spain when Napoleon invaded Spain • Spain could not fight Napoleon and control colonies • 1810-1821 Father Hidalgo leads independence revolts in Mexico • 1810-1821 Simon Bolivar lead independence revolts in Venezuela • 1816 San Martin leads independence revolts in Argentina • 1819 Columbia • 1822 Brazil and Equador • 1824 Peru • 1838 Guatelmala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica

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