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Congress of Vienna

Congress of Vienna. 1814-1815 –European leaders led by Austria (Prime Minister Metternich) Goals Prevent French Aggression Balance of Power (No country is a threat to anyone) Restore royal families to the throne. Result=5 Grt Powers (GB, FR, Austria, Prussia, RS)

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Congress of Vienna

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  1. Congress of Vienna • 1814-1815 –European leaders led by Austria (Prime Minister Metternich) • Goals • Prevent French Aggression • Balance of Power (No country is a threat to anyone) • Restore royal families to the throne • Result=5 Grt Powers (GB, FR, Austria, Prussia, RS) • Unintentional Side-Effect: encourages Nationalism

  2. European Map after Congress of Vienna (1817) Napoleon Empire Map (1815)

  3. Nationalism • Nationalism – belief that people should be loyal to nation not king • share a cmmnculture & history • Can identify better with own gov’t • People have the right to self-govern • Nation-States—independent gov, represents itself • Ex. England, France, Ireland, America

  4. The Bonds That Create… Language History Religion Culture Territory Nationality Nation-State • Defends its territory & way of life • Representative to the rest of the world • Embodies the people & ideals

  5. Nationalism

  6. Beliefs

  7. Nationalist Rebellions

  8. Break Up of Empires

  9. Italy • Giuseppe Mazzini • Formed “Young Italy”—youth nationalist group • 1848—Rebellions broke out, Mazzini briefly leads a republic in Rome • Driven into exile

  10. Italy • Camillodi Cavour • Prime Minister of Italian State Sardinia • Expanded borders of Sardinia, unifying most of Northern Italy

  11. Italy • Giuseppe Garibaldi • Leader of nationalists rebels in Southern Italy • Supported by Cavour • Turned over control of Southern Italy to King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia • United all of Italy

  12. Unification of Italy

  13. Germany The great questions of the day will not be settled by speeches or by majority decisions—but by blood and iron! • Otto Von Bismarck • Prime minister of Prussia under Wilhelm I • Realpolitik—politics of reality • practicality > idealism • Encourages expansion of Prussia through war

  14. Germany • Austro-Prussian War (Seven Weeks War) • Prussia had superior training and equipment • Austria humiliated • Territory turned over to Prussia, created North German Federation, led by Prussia

  15. Germany • Franco-Prussian War • Southern Germany unsure of Prussian control so… • Bismarck insults the French so they would declare war on Prussia • Prussians overwhelm Paris & capture Napoleon III—force surrender • Everyone is proud to be German, so Southern Germans accept Prussian control • King Wilhelm I of Prussia is crowned kaiser (emperor) of Germany

  16. Unification of Germany

  17. Coronation of Kaiser Wilhem I Bismarck

  18. So…What happened to the Balance of Power? • Think about: • Congress of Vienna & its results • Who became stronger? • Who became weaker? • How did Nationalism affect those countries?

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