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Respiratory System Witty/Woods PCB Biology

Respiratory System Witty/Woods PCB Biology. Respiratory System. Main function Transports GASES to and from the circulatory system. 1. Nasal Cavity. 2. Oral Cavity. Another name for the “mouth”. 3. Pharynx. Cavity at the back of the mouth Epiglottis is located in the pharynx.

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Respiratory System Witty/Woods PCB Biology

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  1. Respiratory SystemWitty/WoodsPCB Biology

  2. Respiratory System • Main function • Transports GASES to and from the circulatory system

  3. 1. Nasal Cavity

  4. 2. Oral Cavity Another name for the “mouth”

  5. 3. Pharynx • Cavity at the back of the mouth • Epiglottis is located in the pharynx

  6. 4. Epiglottis • Thin flexible cartilage structure • Guards the entrance to the larynx • Prevents food material from entering the trachea during swallowing

  7. 5. Larynx • Voice box (Glottis) • Contains vocal cords

  8. 6. Trachea • Cartilage rings • Windpipe

  9. 7. Bronchi • Made of up of smooth muscle & cartilage

  10. 8. Bronchioles • Same structure and function as bronchi, BUT smaller

  11. 9. Alveoli • Air sacs • Tiny pouches surrounded by capillaries where gases are exchanged

  12. Cilia and Mucus • Air filtered by cilia • Warmed & moistened by mucus • Lines the nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles

  13. Trachea • Cilia will move debris up to trachea opening where the material will end up in the esophagus & will be swallowed.

  14. Mechanism of Breathing (please fill in the table with the following information)

  15. Inspiration/Inhalation Diaphragm CONTRACTS – “Down” position Chest expands and enlarges Ribs are PUSHED UP and OUT Thoracic cavity INCREASES More pressure outside than inside the lungs Allow air INTO the lungs

  16. Expiration/Exhalation Diaphragm RELAXES - “Up” position Chest relaxes Ribs ARE IN and DOWN Thoracic cavity DECREASES, therefore pushes air OUT of the lungs More pressure inside the lungs than outside of the lungs Air is pushed

  17. Animation of Breathing

  18. Respiratory control Regulation of the Respiratory Rate is conducted by the Medulla Oblongata and the Diaphragm.

  19. Medulla oblongata Located in the brain stem Controls respiratory rate Detects CO2 levels in the blood

  20. Diaphragm • Respiratory muscle • Regulates breathing • Changes the VOLUME of the thoracic cavity

  21. Types of gas exchange • External gas exchange • between the ATMOSPHERE and the BLOOD • Internal gas exchange • Between the BLOOD/CAPILLARY and the CELLS.

  22. General Process of Gas Exchange

  23. Carbon dioxide CO2 produced by cellular respiration leaves the CELLS CO2 enters the BLOOD VESSELS (veins) CO2 enters the CAPILLARIES IN LUNGS CO2 crosses the ALVEOLAR wall by DIFFUSION Exhale air

  24. Oxygen Inhale O2 O2 crosses the ALVEOLAR wall by DIFFUSION O2 enters the CAPILLARIES IN LUNGS O2 enters the BLOOD VESSELS (arteries) O2 travels to the CELLS to be used in cellular respiration

  25. Transport of Gases in Blood

  26. Oxygen • A small amount of oxygen in gas form dissolves in the BLOOD • Most oxygen is carried by HEMOGLOBIN • Lungs: Hemoglobin picks up oxygen Hb + O2 HbO2 (oxyhemoglobin) • Cells: Hemoglobin drops off oxygen HbO2 Hb + O2

  27. Carbon dioxide • A small amount of carbon dioxide in gas form dissolves in the BLOOD (8%) • 25% - carried by the HEMOGLOBIN • Lungs: Hemoglobin drops off carbon dioxide HbCO2 Hb + CO2 • Cells: Hemoglobin picks up carbon dioxide Hb + CO2 HbCO2

  28. Carbon Dioxide • 67% converted to BICARBONATE ions which dissolve in the PLASMA • Cells - Carbon dioxide gets picked up CO2 + H2O  H2CO3 H+ + HCO3- carbonic acid bicarbonate ion • Lungs - Carbon dioxide gets dropped off H+ + HCO3-  H2CO3 CO2 + H2O bicarbonate ion carbonic acid

  29. CO2 release to lungs

  30. CO2 pick up by RBC

  31. Bronchitis • Inflammation of the air passages of the lungs • Develops from a respiratory infection such as a cold • Mucous lining become irritated/swollen • Coughing is a reflex to clear secretions

  32. Asthma • Narrowing of the bronchi making breathing difficult • Symptoms • wheezing, difficulty breathing (particularly exhaling air), tightness in the chest • Irritants • Rapid changes in temperature or humidity, allergies, upper respiratory infections, exercise, stress, or smoke (cigarette)

  33. Emphysema Damage to the tiny air sacs in your lungs (alveoli) Can cause you to feel short of breath Cigarette smoking is the major cause of emphysema, accounting for more than 80 percent of all cases

  34. A Smoker’s Story Video

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