1 / 22

Cognitive Psychology, 2 nd Ed.

Cognitive Psychology, 2 nd Ed. Chapter 15 Intelligence. General Intelligence. Intelligence Quotient (IQ): MA/CA x 100 General intelligence (g) Biological measures -perceptual-motor RT -ERP complexity. General Intelligence. Fluid vs. Crystallized intelligence

cartermichael
Télécharger la présentation

Cognitive Psychology, 2 nd Ed.

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Cognitive Psychology, 2nd Ed. Chapter 15 Intelligence

  2. General Intelligence • Intelligence Quotient (IQ): MA/CA x 100 • General intelligence (g) • Biological measures -perceptual-motor RT -ERP complexity

  3. General Intelligence • Fluid vs. Crystallized intelligence • General fluid intelligence correlated with central executive functions of working memory. • PET activation in left lateral prefrontal cortex for both spatial and verbal problem solving—indicative of central executive involvement.

  4. Criticisms of g • Verbal IQ and Performance IQ are dissociated in aging. • IQ tests measure linguistic, logical-mathematical, and spatial intelligence. • Musical, bodily-kinesthetic, and intra- and inter-personal intelligence are ignored by IQ tests.

  5. Nature vs. Nurture in IQ • Heritability (h2): Proportion of variance caused by genetic differences. • Heritability: correlation between identical twins reared apart (r = h2). • Heritability increases with age from .4 in childhood to .75 in late adolescence. • Multiple genes, probabilistic effects

  6. Nature vs. Nurture in IQ • Extent of parents talking with young children predicts verbal IQ. • Deprivation, neglect, and abuse harm IQ but is there a threshold for normal development?

  7. Nature vs. Nurture in IQ • Preschool programs (e.g., HeadStart) increases chances of finishing school. • Deprivation, neglect, and abuse harm IQ, but is there a threshold for normal development? • Flynn Effect: Increase in IQ in industrialized nations of 3 points per decade since 1940.

  8. Sex Differences • Understanding effect size (d = mean difference divided by standard deviation) d = .20 = small d = .50 = medium d = .80 = large

  9. Sex Differences • Verbal ability: small advantage for females on some tests. • Visuo-spatial ability: small to large advantage for males, depending on the specific test (e.g., mental rotation vs. spatial perception).

  10. Sex Differences • Mathematical ability: small to medium advantage for males, because of larger male variability. • Navigation: no sex advantage, but males use dead reckoning and females use landmarks. • Motor Skills: male advantage in throwing and female advantage in manual control movements.

  11. Reasons for Sex Differences • Social-cultural: males and females are socialized differently and conform to different cultural expectations. The degree of difference varies by culture. • Biological: Natural selection in Upper Paleolithic era (40,000 to 60,000 years ago) may have favored verbal and fine motor control in females; navigation and throwing in males. Note brain lateralization in males.

More Related