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Cognitive Psychology, 2 nd Ed.

Cognitive Psychology, 2 nd Ed. Chapter 2. Mind and Brain. Materialism regards the mind as the product of the brain and its physiological processes, perhaps as an emergent property of these processes.

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Cognitive Psychology, 2 nd Ed.

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  1. Cognitive Psychology, 2nd Ed. Chapter 2

  2. Mind and Brain • Materialism regards the mind as the product of the brain and its physiological processes, perhaps as an emergent property of these processes. • Dualism holds that the mind is an immaterial entity that exists independently of the brain, perhaps with interactions between the two.

  3. Functional Neuroanatomy • CNS includes 1 trillion neurons (1012) with about 1,000 trillion synaptic connections (1015). • A single neuron in the brain may receive as many as 10,000 synaptic connections with other neurons. • Massive parallel processing.

  4. Brain Structures and Functions • Frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes of cerebral cortex—perception, behavior, and cognition. • Brainstem (hindbrain and midbrain) and forebrain or diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus)—homeostasis and basic life support mechanisms. • Limbic system (cingulate gyrus, fornix, hippocampus and related structures)—emotional responses and cognitive functions of learning and memory.

  5. Brain Structures and Functions • Frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes of cerebral cortex—perception, behavior, and cognition. • Brainstem (hindbrain and midbrain) and forebrain or diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus)—homeostasis and basic life support mechanisms. • Limbic system (cingulate gyrus, fornix, hippocampus and related structures)—emotional responses and cognitive functions of learning and memory.

  6. Brain Structures and Functions • Frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes of cerebral cortex—perception, behavior, and cognition. • Brainstem (hindbrain and midbrain) and forebrain or diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus)—homeostasis and basic life support mechanisms. • Limbic system (cingulate gyrus, fornix, hippocampus and related structures)—emotional responses and cognitive functions of learning and memory.

  7. Visual Consciousness • A critical periods for cortical development in cats show that primary visual cortex is necessary for visual consciousness. • Blindsight in humans: Damage to primary visual cortex eliminates visual consciousness but a second pathway allows accurate discrimination.

  8. Methods of Cognitive Neuroscience • Lesions and double dissociations • Electrophysiology—EEG and ERP • Positron Emission Tomography (PET) • Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

  9. Connectionist Models • Composed of input, output, and hidden layers of simplistic neurons . • Sigmoid activation function mimics all or none response of real neurons for extreme input values. • Connection weights represent the knowledge state of the network. • Back-propagation of error adjusts weights.

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