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Cognitive Psychology, 2 nd Ed.

Cognitive Psychology, 2 nd Ed. Chapter 13 Problem Solving. Types of Thinking. Directed vs. undirected thinking Reproductive vs. productive thinking Well-defined vs. ill-defined problems -initial state, subgoals, and goal -operators & problem space. General Problem Solver .

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Cognitive Psychology, 2 nd Ed.

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  1. Cognitive Psychology, 2nd Ed. Chapter 13 Problem Solving

  2. Types of Thinking • Directed vs. undirected thinking • Reproductive vs. productive thinking • Well-defined vs. ill-defined problems -initial state, subgoals, and goal -operators & problem space

  3. General Problem Solver • Representing the problem properly is critical. -MC problem -monk problem • Isomorphic problems -monster problem

  4. Problem Space Search • Algorithm -trial and error -systematic search • Heuristics -working backwards -analogies -means end analysis

  5. Domain-Specific Knowledge • Knowledge is power -finding good representations -learning effective search -metacognitive monitoring

  6. Creativity • Historical vs. process creativity -novel product -useful product -special talent • Stages of creative process -preparation -incubation -illumination -verification

  7. Creative Blocks • Poor representation with unnecessary constraints • Fixation • Functional fixedness

  8. Historically Creative People • Muse or good thinking? • Simonton’s Darwinian Model -large number of varied ideas -random selection of variations -individual and societal selection

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