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The Continuum of Touch

The Continuum of Touch. Infancy. Adulthood and Old age. From prebirth. History of Touch. - perhaps the first form of medicine described in ancient texts in China, India & Egypt described by Hippocrates in 400 BC touch is considered a form of therapy in many parts of the world.

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The Continuum of Touch

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  1. The Continuum of Touch Infancy Adulthood and Old age From prebirth

  2. History of Touch • -perhaps the first form of medicine • described in ancient texts in China, • India & Egypt • described by Hippocrates in 400 BC • touch is considered a form of therapy in many parts of the world

  3. Touch Therapy Reflexology Shiatsu

  4. MassageTherapies Infant Massage Thai Massage Ayuverdic Massage

  5. Kangaroo Care

  6. Kangaroo Care

  7. Infant Co-sleeping

  8. Doula

  9. Mailman Center

  10. Touch Research Institutes • Established in 1992 by Dr. Tiffany Field with a grant from Johnson & Johnson. • The TRI was the first center in the world devoted solely to the study of touch and its application in science and medicine. www.JJPI.com

  11. Touch Research Institutes To date, we have conducted over 100scientific studies on touch therapy effects and we have established two other TRIs (Philippines, Paris). www.miami.edu/touch-research www.JJPI.com

  12. Continuum of Touch FromPregnancy….. toLabor….. to Infancy

  13. Pregnancy Massage Field, Hernandez-Reif, Hart, et al., (1999), J of Psychosomatic Obstetr Gyn Field, Diego, Dieter, Hernandez-Reif, et al., (2004), Infant Behavior & Dev. Field, Hernandez-Reif, Diego, et al,. (2004), J of Psychosomatic Obst Gyn

  14. Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR)

  15. Study Design • two 20-minute sessions per week of Pregnancy Massage or PMR for 5 weeks starting in 2nd • focus on the head, neck, back, arms, legs, and face

  16. Pregnancy Anxiety * *

  17. Pregnancy Back Pain *

  18. PregnancyDisturbed Sleep *

  19. PregnancySupplemental Sleep (Naps) *

  20. Birth Outcomes * *

  21. Pregnancy Depressed Mood *

  22. Pregnancy and Depressed Mood 10-30% of women are depressed during pregnancy

  23. Pregnancy Depression on Maternal Cortisol *

  24. Prematurity and Depressed Pregnancy *

  25. Low Birthweight andDepressed Pregnancy *

  26. Dieter, Field, Hernandez-Reif, et al., (2002).

  27. Prenatal Depression Effects on Neonate * *

  28. Prenatal Depression *

  29. F3 F4 Prenatal Depression

  30. Depressed Pregnancy Effects Include: For mothers: • Elevated cortisol (stress hormone) • Greater chance of having a preterm baby • Greater chance of having a lowbirth weight baby

  31. Depressed Pregnancy Effects Include: For fetus: - Greater fetal activity For infants: - Elevated cortisol & greater chance of being born preterm or low birthweight • Greater Indeterminate sleep • Greater relative right frontal EEG activation

  32. Partners Massaging Depressed Pregnant Women

  33. Demographics • N = 84 depressed pregnant women • Mean age = 28.8 (SD = 5.7) • Mean g.a.= 22.9 wks at recruitment • 46% Caucasian, 39% Hispanic, 12% African American and 3% Asian

  34. Pre-Post Test Design Recruited from Ob Gyn clinics in 2nd semester & assigned to Massage, PMR group or control . Massage Therapy (by partner) • Two 20 min. massages per week for 16 weeks at home. PMR • Two 20 min. relaxation exercise sessions per week for 16 weeks.

  35. Maternal Cortisol Change (ng/ml) Massage PMR Control -5

  36. Obstetric Complications(higher score is optimal) *

  37. Mothers’ Anxiety *

  38. Mothers’ depression *

  39. Infant Depressed SymptomsOn Brazelton Neonatal Assessment Scale (BNBAS) *

  40. Overall Conclusions Pregnancy massage is a safe and effective intervention for depressed and non-depressed mothers: stress hormones (cortisol) anxiety and depressed mood disturbed sleep Obstetric complications and postnatal complications, hence improving neonatal outcomes, including reducing the incidence of prematurity. **These data also highlight the efficacy of using a significant other to deliver the massage intervention.

  41. Touch Therapies during Labor

  42. Continuum of TouchTouch therapies during Labor – Doula - companion woman who stays in touch with the laboring mother (stroking, holding, speaking to her). Studies from the 1980s by Klaus & Kennell revealed that 127 of 128 non-industrial societies included a woman present with the mother-to-be during labor.

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