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Jana Frankovská Geological Survey of Slovak Republic

Slovak Deep Geological Repository Programme Repositories of radioactive waste in the Slovak Republic (current status). Jana Frankovská Geological Survey of Slovak Republic. Slovakia. Bratislava. NPPs in the Slovak Republic.

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Jana Frankovská Geological Survey of Slovak Republic

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  1. Slovak Deep Geological Repository ProgrammeRepositories of radioactive waste in the Slovak Republic (current status) Jana Frankovská Geological Survey of Slovak Republic

  2. Slovakia

  3. Bratislava

  4. NPPs in the Slovak Republic • NPP A1 Jaslovské Bohunice(150 MWe HWGCR) - shut down in 1978 after accidents, under decommissioning, spent fuel shipped to Russia according previous agreement, ”abnormal” radioactive waste (alpha-bearing and higher beta/gamma active), which cannot be dispose in near surface repository • NPP V1 Jaslovské Bohunice(2x 440 MWe PWR type – VVER 230),governmental decision (1999) to shut down in 2006 and 2008, followed EU condition for the slovak republic admission • NPP V2 Jaslovské Bohunice(2x 440 MWe PWR type – upgraded type VVER 213) • NPP Mochovce(2x 440 MW PWR type – VVER 213 ) [+ 2x 440 mwe under construction – superseded] During the operation Slovak NPPs there will be produced approximately 2,300 metric tons of spent fuel expressed as heavy metal (18,654 spent fuel assemblies). In addition, about 5000 metric tons of radioactive waste unfit for near surface repository at Mochovce and destined for deep geological disposal.

  5. Main source of radioactive waste in Slovakia

  6. Repository of LLW & ILW Mochovce • for final disposal of LLW & ILW • surface storage facility • built on Neogene clay formation (Ivánské súvrstvie Formation) • permission to operate in December 2001 • 2 km far from a NPP Mochovce The view of the Mochovce site (year 2001) Coverage hall of the repository

  7. Geological repository of HLW & SF (development milestones) • Research, development, exploration, design activities (1996-2030) • 1993-1998 Phase I (geological assessment of the whole territory • 1998-2001 Phase II (further reducing of number of localities) • 2005-2008 Phase III (more detail investigation of of 2 potential sites) • 2008-2012 Phase IV (selection of one preferred site) • 2012-2030 Phase V (design documentation, site licensing, permit) • 2030+Beginning of construction (construction permit) • 2030-2055 Construction • 2037-2095 Operation • 2057-2095 Successive partial closure • 2095-2103Final closure • + according to EU recommendation, memeber states should have their own repositories in 2018

  8. In 1996 a programme started with a critical review of published and archival regional geological, hydrogeological, engineering geological and geophysical knowledge data, without field investigation, led to identification of fifteen sites potentially suitable for a deep geological repository within the Slovak territory.

  9. 1998-2001 Phase II (further reducing of number of localities)

  10. Central part of the Tribeč Mts. Southern part of the Veporské vrchy Mts. South-western part of the Stolické vrchy Mts. Eastern part of the Cerová vrchovina upland Western part of the Rimavská kotlina basin Reconnaissance localities - 2003 selection of the five reconnaissance localities Five prospective regions were proposed for geological investigations; three of them being in granite rocks and two in Neogene's sedimentary rock formations. However, only two regions representing each geological media were selected for detailed site investigation, characterization, and evaluation as to their vulnerability to volcanic, earthquake, hydrologic and other mass movement-related hazards with the aim of selecting candidate sites.

  11. Deep geological repository programme(DGR) • Programme is financed mainly from National Nuclear Fund for Nuclear Facilities Decommissioning and Spent Fuel and Radioactive Waste Management • Programme is coordinated by JAVYS (Nuclear Decommissioning Company) – state company, established • There is supposed establishing of the special radwaste state agency (2012), possibility of transformation from JAVYS

  12. DGR programme- short overview • The basic research, development, exploration, design activities (1993-2027) • 1993-1998 Phase I (geological assessment of the whole territory of Slovakia) • 1998-2002 Phase II (further reducing of number of localities) • 2002-2008 Phase III (more detail investigation of 5 perspective sites), this phase was postponed due to privatisation process of SE company, result - the DGR programme must be updated and restructured • ? 2008-2012 ? Phase IV (selection and preliminary characterisation of one preferred candidate site) • ? 2012-2027 ? Phase V (detail characterisation of rock environment, design documentation, site licensing, permit) • Construction (2027-35)??, Operation (from 2037)??, Final closure??

  13. Programme of Deep Geological Disposal of Spent Fuel and High Level Waste in the Slovak Republic Programmebackground (1993 – 2002) • Programme was granted from State Fund for Nuclear Facilities Decommissioning and Spent Fuel and Radioactive Waste Management • Programme is coordinated by SE a.s. and DECOM Slovakia, ltd.

  14. The last phase of the project formally consisted of the following key areas (main contractors are given in parentheses): • Design and implementation (EGP Invest, Ltd., Uhersky Brod, Czech Republic and Energoprojekty, Plc., Bratislava) • Source term (Nuclear Research Institute, Plc., Prague, Czech Republic) • Near field (Nuclear Research Institute, Plc., Prague, Czech Republic) • Far field (Geological Survey of Slovak Republic, Bratislava) • Siting (Geological Survey of Slovak Republic, Bratislava) • Safety analyses (Nuclear Power Plants Research Institute, Plc., Trnava, Slovak Republic) • Public involvement (AEA Technology, Harwell, U.K. and Decom Slovakia, Ltd., Trnava, Slovak Republic) • Legislation (Decom Slovakia, Ltd., Trnava, Slovak Republic) • Quality assurance (Decom Slovakia, Ltd., Trnava, Slovak Republic), and • Coordination (Decom Slovakia, Ltd., Trnava, Slovak Republic).

  15. Perspective areas, study localities Perspective areas Study localities

  16. Current status

  17. Current stage of the site selection process • Selection of the five reconnaissance localities • small areas (up to 50 km2), required detailed geological investigation (hydrogeology, geochemistry, geophysics, neotectonic, engineering-geology, ...) • For next investigation was chosen two most perspective localities • crystalline host rocks – Tribec • sedimentary host rocks – Secen schlier formation (western part of Rimavská kotlina Basin) • Additional investigation of sedimentary host rocks was carried out with support of IAEA (TCP SLR/4/009 – obtaining of promissing geological results e.g. diffusion is dominant migration type)

  18. Main proposed topics for III. phase of DGR • Siting • Objective: To select a suitable area/locality for DGR • Stepwise geological assessment of the Slovakia territory according to: • Recommendations (general accepted principles and conditions suitability of geological settings) • Requirements (specified principles and condition of suitability of geological settings) • Criteria (qualitative and quantitative defined conditions of suitability) • Safety assessment • Coordination and public relations

  19. Perspective host rocks typefor a DGR in Slovakia • Granitoids • advantages • stable rock environs • favourable mechanical and termophysical properties • standard technology of construction • proximity to the waste source • disadvantages • lithological heterogeneity, tectonic faults and disruption • complex hydrogeological conditions • no exact data from deeper horizons • tectonic deterioration

  20. Perspective host rocks typefor a DGR in Slovakia • Neogenic sitlstones • advantages • favourable hydrogeology and migration properties • good homogeneity and extensions • probably low role tectonics in migration • „predictable“ rock environs • disadvantages • geodynamic phenomena (landslides, surface erosion) • possible occurrence of CO2 and mineral waters • closeness to the state border

  21. Conclusions • Site selection • system of selection must be established • three levels of assessment (differences in strictness) – preferences, requirements, criteria • stepwise approach is necessary – longterm process • Basic aspects of selection are: • Geological and tectonic stability of prospective sites • seismic activity, faulting, folding, uplift of the territory, etc. • Characteristics of host rock • lithological homogeneity, hydrogeology, geochemistry, favourable geotechnical conditions, etc. • Conflict of interests (natural resources, natural and cultural heritage, protected area, public relationship, etc.).

  22. Thank you for your attention

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