2.1a - Western Expansion

1. 2.1a - Western Expansion 2.1a- Summarize the impact of the westward movement on nationalism and democracy, including the expansion of the franchise, the displacement of Native Americans from the southeast and conflicts over states’ rights and federal power during the era of Jacksoniandemocracy as the result of major land acquisitions such as the Louisiana Purchase, the Oregon Treaty, and the Mexican Cession.

2. Looking West • After the French and Indian War, the British gained an area called the Northwest Territory • After the Revolutionary War, Congress passed the ***Northwest Ordinance which took that area and turned it into smaller territories like Illinois, Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and Wisconsin (setup guidelines to turn the territory into states)

3. The Northwest Ordinance

5. The Louisiana Purchase

6. Lewis and Clark • Jefferson chooses these two men to explore the new territory and find a route to the Pacific Ocean • Lewis and Clark Expedition starts in St. Louis in 1805. They come back 3 years later with valuable information • Their work lets other people move west along the ***Oregon Trail

7. Lewis and Clark

8. Oregon Trail Map

10. The War of 1812 • ***Why this war happened: • 1. British encouraged Native Americans to attack settlers • 2. British send soldiers to Canada • 3. British Navy kidnap American sailors and force them to fight for the British Navy (known as Impressment) • 4. America declares war in 1812

11. ****Even though the British burned down Washington DC in 1814, U.S. wins the war • It is during this war that Francis Scott Key wrote the Star Spangled Banner

12. The White House, 1814

13. Star Spangled Banner

14. Why move west? • **Some moved for religious purposes, like the Mormons • **Some wanted to get rich in California (gold) • Comstock Lode-biggest find for silver and ore • Some wanted land • ***Homestead Act- 160 acres of land to anyone who would farm it for 5 years • Purchase land outright for $1.25 per acre after 6 months • Morrill Land-Grant Act- Land given by the government to set up places, like colleges

15. Lifestyle and Economy • Huge technological advances to help out such as: • John Deere’s Steel plow • Windmills • Barbed wire • Railroads

16. Barbed Wire

17. John Deere Plow

18. Railroads • Over time, railroads came farther west • ***In 1862 Congress authorized the creation of the Transcontinental Railroad connected the east and west • It had a huge impact on the American Indian because settlement began in earnest. • It also impacted the Civil War as fighting over whether or not new territories would be slave or free states began. • Arguments also arose over whether or not to put the transcontinental over a northern route or southern route.

19. Women, Immigrants, and African Americans • Women had more freedom in the west than out east • Many Chinese and Irish immigrants helped to build the railroads • After the Civil War, many African Americans came west in a movement known as The Black Exodus

23. Transcontinental Railroad Completed

30. Regional Differences • NORTH: became defined by industry and urban centers • Textile Mills (Samuel Slater)- New England • Industrialization: industrial revolution technology like canals, railroads, steam engines, and telegraph enabled greater production and profits. • Monopolies formed to lessen competition • Labor: immigrants, women, children (factory workers)

31. SOUTH: agricultural economy • Became dominant in cotton porduction • Eli Whitney- Cotton gin 1793 • Cotton gin • Deseeded cotton • ***invention along with demand for cotton (textile mills) generated an agricultural BOOM! • Required more slave labor

32. WEST: dominated by agricultural • Railroads brought meat, grain and other crops back to the east to sale • Sent manufactured good the opposite direction • Mail, telegraph, and telephone lines followed the railroads • Railroad companies remained in big cities • Conflicts between ranchers/ farmers • New political parties will form (Populists)

33. Pop Quiz 2.1

34. EOC SAMPLE QUESTIONS: • The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 was important for what reason? • A. It officially established Michigan and Wisconsin as new states • B. It was the largest land acquisition in US history • C. It established guidelines by which new territories could become states. • D. It was sanctioned by the Monroe Doctrine

35. What was the land purchase that roughly doubled the size of the US in 1803? • A. the Northwest Ordinance • B. the Land Ordinance • C. the Northwest Territory • D. the Louisiana Purchase

36. Why were innovations like the steel plow and the windmill important to western expansion? • A. They made it possible to farm and inhabit the land • B. They removed the need for livestock • C. They made it possible for western farmers to rescue the few remaining buffalo • D. They removed the need to rely on railroads.

37. Which of the following was NOT a motivation that drew many settlers west? • A. the desire for land • B. gold • C. fear of technology • D. religious faith

38. The Louisiana Purchase was significant because it • A. Eliminated Spain from the North American continent • B. Allowed American to gain control of the Mississippi River • C. Eased tensions between Western settlers and Native Americans • D. Forced the British to evacuate their posts in the Northwest • E. Reduced sectional conflict over the slavery issue

39. Short Answer • How did the cotton gin impact the institution of slavery in the South? • Explain what the “BLACK EXODUS” was? • Who did Pres. Jefferson and the US gov. buy the Louisiana Purchase from? Why is this important? • Explain the HOMESTEAD ACT and its impact on westward expansion? • Why were women in the West given more freedom than women in the East?