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Chapter 11

Chapter 11. Assessment and Evaluation of Sport Injuries. Objectives. Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to: Explain the difference between assessment, evaluation, and diagnosis of an injury Describe the various factors that influence the type and severity of athletic injuries

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Chapter 11

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  1. Chapter 11 Assessment and Evaluation of Sport Injuries

  2. Objectives • Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to: • Explain the difference between assessment, evaluation, and diagnosis of an injury • Describe the various factors that influence the type and severity of athletic injuries • Evaluate an athletic injury using a systematic approach

  3. Objectives (cont’d.) • Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to (cont’d.): • Explain the different methods and reasons for documenting injuries

  4. Assessment and Evaluation of Athletic Injuries • Orderly collection of objective and subjective data on health status • Based on professional knowledge and knowledge of events that occurred • Knowledge of ATC helps in getting proper aid to the athlete quickly • ATC can evaluate injury, but they cannot diagnose • Licensed health care providers diagnose

  5. Assessment and Evaluation of Athletic Injuries (cont’d.) • Diagnosis • What licensed provider states to be the problem, based on skills, expertise, and training • Physician uses all information obtained to arrive at a diagnosis • ATC uses information to set short- and long-term goals for recovery

  6. Factors Influencing Athletic Injuries • Anthropomorphic data • Size, weight, structure, gender, strength, and maturity level • Mechanism of force • All forces involved at the time of an impact • Speed • Greater speed, greater injury chances

  7. Factors Influencing Athletic Injuries (cont’d.) • Protective equipment • Reduces risk of injury • Absorbs and distributes force • Skill level • Beginners are at greater risk

  8. Recognition and Evaluation • Recognition of injuries • ATC determines probable cause and mechanism of injury • May be based on direct observation or second-hand accounts

  9. Recognition and Evaluation (cont’d.) • Primary injury survey • Determining if injury is serious or life-threatening • ABCs: airway, breathing, and circulation • High-quality bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation can double or triple survival rates from cardiac arrest

  10. Recognition and Evaluation (cont’d.) • Secondary injury survey • Methodical evaluation of an athlete’s overall health • H.O.P.S. (history, evaluation, palpation, special tests) method • Be thorough • Gather a history • Expose the injury • Perform a physical evaluation

  11. Recognition and Evaluation (cont’d.) • Observation • Compare the injured side to the uninjured • Palpation • Touching to determine the extent of the injury • Active motion • Athlete attempts to move body part through full range of motion

  12. Recognition and Evaluation (cont’d.) • Passive motion • Movement through a range of motion performed by examiner while athlete relaxes muscles • Strength test • Begin isometrically without resistance, and then through the range of motion against resistance

  13. Recognition and Evaluation (cont’d.) • Stability test • Investigates ligamentous laxity • Special examinations • Functional activity test • Determines level of activity athlete may resume • Specific sport activity test • Determines if it is safe to resume activities of a particular sport

  14. Return-to-Play Criteria • Full strength • Damage to surrounding soft tissue must be healed • Muscles supporting injury must be 100% pre-injury strength • Free from pain • True pain is an indication of an unhealed injury • Mild soreness is okay

  15. Return-to-Play Criteria (cont’d.) • Skill performance tests • Simulate skills required for the sport • Should begin at a low level of intensity and gradually increase

  16. Return-to-Play Criteria (cont’d.) • Emotional readiness • Counseling will help the athlete work through any hesitation about returning to play • Athletes who do not perform at 100% will be prone to new injuries • Always ask the athlete if they are ready • An athlete who is hesitant or does not feel ready should not be allowed to return

  17. Documentation of Injuries • Important for many reasons • Most important is follow-up care • Helps keep the athlete from going without care needed • Database creation helps uncover trends • Allows coaching staff to target areas of concern • Beneficial in case of lawsuits

  18. Documentation of Injuries (cont’d.) • Formats for reporting injuries: • SOAP notes • Daily sideline injury reports • Training-room treatment logs • Daily red-cross lists • Athlete medical referral forms

  19. Conclusion • Athletic injuries are inevitable • Care and treatment of injuries constitute an important aspect of a sports medicine program • Certified athletic trainers complete assessments and write referrals

  20. Conclusion (cont’d.) • Physicians diagnose the injury and prescribe a treatment plan • Accurate record keeping is important

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