CRCT Review Earth Science 7

1. CRCT Review Earth Science 7 2008

2. CRCT Preparation Chapter 9 1. A student models a volcanic eruption by using a syringe to inject blue colored water through a dome shaped gelatin mold. What is one of this model’s most significant limitations? A Gelatin is clear, whereas actual volcanoes are opaque. B Gelatin does not accurately simulate the materials of which actual volcanoes are made. C Actual volcanoes have red lava, not blue. D Actual volcanoes erupt with more force than a syringe.

3. CRCT Preparation Chapter 9 2. When a volcanic explosion fills the atmosphere with a large amount of volcanic ash, which of the following is a likely result? A The average global temperature will decrease. B The average duration of a day will become shorter. C Ocean tide levels will be affected. D Only the area near the volcano will be affected.

4. CRCT Preparation Chapter 9 Use the illustration to answer question 3. 3. What is the term for the area to which the arrow is pointing? A lava B crater C vent D magma chamber

5. CRCT Preparation Chapter 9 4. Which of the following situations represents the greatest amount of potential energy? A A large bolder is blown into the air by an explosive eruption. B Low viscosity lava flows quickly downhill. C A huge boulder is perched atop a cliff and is on the verge of falling 1000 m to the ground below. D A tree that was blown over by a powerful eruption lies flat on the ground.

6. CRCT Preparation Chapter 9 5. A model of a volcano that uses vinegar and baking soda is limited because A the eruption is unpredictable. B baking soda is white, while lava is red. C real volcanoes are much larger than the model. D most volcanoes are extinct.

7. CRCT Preparation Chapter 9 6. In which of the following situations would there be the greatest amount of kinetic energy? A just prior to eruption, when incredible pressure has built up inside a volcano B during an explosive eruption in which pyroclastic material is blown high into the atmosphere C just after an explosive eruption, when most of the debris has settled back to the ground. D long after a shield volcano has moved from a “hot spot”

8. CRCT Preparation Chapter 9 Use the table to answer question 7. 7. According to the data collected above, which type of magma is least likely to cause an explosive eruption? A felsic magma C mafic B intermediate magma D ultramafic

9. CRCT Preparation Chapter 9 8. One of the active volcanoes on the island of Hawaii is named Kilauea. If Kilauea is a shield volcano, which of the following is a valid conclusion? A Kilauea formed from repeated eruptions of low viscosity lava that have spread over a wide area. B Kilauea formed from repeated moderately explosive eruptions of pyroclastic material. C Kilauea is primarily made up of alternating layers of lava and pyroclastic material. D Kilauea has formed a cinder cone through repeated eruptions of high viscosity lava.

10. CRCT Preparation Chapter 9 9. A large volcanic eruption covers nearby farmland in several meters of ash. Which is a true statement about the ash in the immediate future? A The ash will be an effective plant fertilizer and will result in record crop yields. B The ash will smother the crops, possibly leading to food shortages in the immediate area. C The ash will be a nuisance, but it can easily be removed from the area. D The ash may cause thunderstorms.

11. CRCT Preparation Chapter 9 10. Georgia has no volcanoes. Yet, Georgia’s climate can still be affected by volcanoes. How?

12. CRCT Preparation Chapter 9 11. How does magma form at a convergent boundary?

13. CRCT Preparation Chapter 10 12. Water chemically breaks down rock because A water expands when it freezes. B acids in the water react with chemicals in the rock. C materials dissolved in the water are deposited. D water is not affected by wind.

14. CRCT Preparation Chapter 10 13. The component of soil that is made up of organic material is called A abrasion. B humus. C bedrock. D leaching.

15. CRCT Preparation Chapter 10 14. Which of the following areas would experience the most weathering? A an area with high winds, significant rain, hot summers, and freezing winters B an area with heavy rains, constant temperatures, and gentle winds C an area with constant heat, minimal rain, and high winds D all areas are subject to the same amounts of weathering

16. CRCT Preparation Chapter 10 15. The dissolving of rock by acids that occur naturally in water A is known as acid precipitation. B is known as oxidation. C is known as chemical weathering. D causes most of the mechanical weathering of rocks.

17. CRCT Preparation Chapter 10 16. Which of the following statements describes how a rock changes after it is in a riverbed for a long time? A The rock rapidly breaks into smaller pieces. B Chunks of the rock break off, and the rock becomes rougher. C The edges of the rock are worn away, so its surface becomes smoother. D The rock absorbs water from the riverbed and becomes softer.

18. CRCT Preparation Chapter 10 Use the picture to answer question 17. 17. The picture shows the process of mechanical weathering that can cause cracks in rocks in Georgia’s northern mountains to widen. What is this process called ? A abrasion B dissolution C ice wedging D oxidation

19. CRCT Preparation Chapter 10 18. Why does air chemically weather rock? A The air molecules are abrasive. B Air fills cracks in the rock and later expands, causing the cracks to enlarge. C The oxygen in the air combines with elements in the rock in a process called oxidation. D The rock wears away after wind blows sand against the rock.

20. CRCT Preparation Chapter 10 19. Which of the following is an everyday example of a chemical phenomenon? A Fast moving river water rushes over rocks. B Organic acids produced by lichens break down rock. C Rocks tumble down a mountain during a rockslide. D Ice forms in a crack in a rock and makes the crack larger.

21. CRCT Preparation Chapter 10 20. Which human activities can help prevent soil erosion? A planting cover crops and employing contour plowing methods B strip mining and deforestation C building cities and highways D growing crops and burning fossil fuels

22. CRCT Preparation Chapter 10 21. Naomi made the pie graph during a laboratory experiment in which she analyzed the composition of loam found in Georgia. Based on this chart, which of the following is a valid conclusion? A Approximately 95% of the material that makes up loam is useless to plants. B Decayed organic matter is the least abundant component of loam. C Only about 9% of loam’s composition is useful to plants. D Only about 16% of loam’s composition is useful to plants.

23. CRCT Preparation Chapter 10 22. The soil of the Southern Piedmont areas of Georgia is thin and low in nutrients. Much of this terrain was cleared at one time for lumber, fuel, and agricultural land. This led to negative environmental impacts. Why might farmers move from one plot of this land to another, and how might this movement increase the negative environmental impact?

24. CRCT Preparation Chapter 10 23. Why is the soil of tropical rain forests thin and nutrient-poor?

25. CRCT Preparation Chapter 11 24. In the water cycle, the sun’s energy causes A evaporation. B condensation. C precipitation. D percolation.

26. CRCT Preparation Chapter 11 25. Which one of the following landforms results from river and stream erosion? A mountains B glaciers C river channels D aquifers