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MODULE 2

MODULE 2. OSHA Hazard Communication. Module 2 – OSHA Hazard Communication Introduction.

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MODULE 2

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  1. MODULE 2 OSHA Hazard Communication

  2. Module 2 – OSHA Hazard Communication Introduction Federal rules and regulations that apply to the propane industry are published in a series of books called the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). An important section pertaining to the propane industry is OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard, which is found in Title 29 of the CFR §1910. This regulation is commonly referred to as the “HazCom Standard.” These regulations exist to protect employees of chemical manufacturers, importers, distributors, and any company whose work involves hazardous chemicals. After completing this module, you will be able to: • Understand what a Hazardous Chemical Inventory is. • Identify the sections of a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). • Explain proper labeling procedures. • Identify the regulatory requirements of your employer's written hazard communication program.

  3. LESSON 1 Hazardous Chemical Inventory

  4. Hazardous Chemical Inventory Introduction To protect yourself on the job, you must know what chemicals are being used or stored by your company. To ensure safety in the workplace, OSHA requires your employer to maintain a Hazardous Chemical Inventory, which includes: • All hazardous chemicals known to be present. • Hazardous chemicals that may be transported off-site. • Hazardous chemicals stored away from the mainplant. Your employer is also responsible for informing you where to find the Hazardous Chemical Inventory at your workplace, and who is responsible for maintaining the inventory. After completing this lesson, you will be able to: • Identify the different types of chemical hazards. • Explain how a chemical is placed on the Hazardous Chemical Inventory.

  5. Defining Chemical Hazards According to OSHA, a chemical classified as hazardous must have a physical or health hazard associated with its use. Here is how the two hazards are defined: Physical HazardA physical hazard results from a chemical’s physical properties and immediate risks in handling it. For example, certain chemicals may be explosive or flammable and require you to take extra precautions to avoid sources of ignition. Health HazardA health hazard can make you ill. The effects can be either immediate, such as a chemical that causes a burn or rash, or they can be long-term or chronic, such as lung cancer after years of working with asbestos. In some cases, a chemical may present both a physical hazard and a health hazard. The Hazardous Chemical Inventory is to identify these hazards so you can determine how to safely handle the chemicals you work with.

  6. Hazardous Chemical Inventory The following steps explain how a chemical is placed on the Hazardous Chemical Inventory: • The manufacturer or importer evaluates every chemical for hazardous properties. • The hazards found are listed on container labels and MSDS provided to your company. • Your company designates someone to review the information and update the Hazardous Chemical Inventory. Any chemical with a hazard warning label must be listed. There may be one hazardous chemical list for an entire building or separate inventories for each work area. Some common household chemicals found in the workplace, such as cleaning solutions, aerosols, and wasp spray, do not have to be listed on the Hazardous Chemical Inventory. You should, however, always follow any safety precautions specific to those chemicals.

  7. CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING

  8. LESSON 2 Material Safety Data Sheets

  9. Material Safety Data Sheets Introduction A Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) provides information about chemical hazards. Anyone who might come into contact with the hazardous chemical should read about potential dangers and how to safely handle the product. Each chemical is evaluated for potential hazards by the manufacturer or importer. This information is then placed on an MSDS. The MSDS must be readily available in any work area where employees handle or may come into contact with hazardous chemicals. The MSDS must be updated when significant changes are made to the chemical compound or previously unknown health and physical hazards are discovered. After completing this lesson, you will be able to: • Identify why and how an MSDS is used. • Identify the different sections of an MSDS.

  10. The Purpose of an MSDS An MSDS is a required document that informs employees of the chemical nature of materials they work with. MSDSs must be easily accessible at all times in any work area where hazardous materials are present. Your supervisor should inform you where the MSDSs are located and who is responsible for keeping them up-to-date. Read the MSDS for each chemical you are using and pay special attention to the fire, health, and safety risk sections. You should also consult your company’s Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) policy for further information on how to best protect yourself. Hazardous chemical distributors are required to provide an MSDS upon request. If you cannot find an MSDS for a certain chemical, inform your supervisor immediately so the missing document can be obtained.

  11. How to Read and Understand an MSDS Although each MSDS may look a bit different, they must provide the same information. An MSDS must explain, in English, how to safely use, handle, and store a hazardous chemical. Other important safety information is provided on an MSDS to protect you and the people around you. This knowledge can also save valuable time in the event of an accident or incident. To ensure your safety, it is important to know and understand all of the sections of an MSDS prior to working with any hazardous chemical. Let’s review each section of an MSDS in detail. The example may not look specifically like your company’s MSDS, but it will contain the same basic information.

  12. Section 1: Chemical Product and Company Identification May also be called “Product Information,” “Identification,” “Chemical Identification,” or “Material Identification.” This section commonly lists the product name, its chemical name, family or formula, and any other trade names the chemical is known by. Other information found in this section may include: • The name, address, and telephone number of the manufacturer, importer, employer, or other party responsible for the chemical. • The emergency phone number in case of an accident. • The DOT hazard class and shipping name.

  13. Section 2: Composition and Information on Ingredients May also be called “Hazardous Ingredients.” This section of an MSDS lists the chemical’s harmful ingredients and the percentage amount of each. It may also list how much of the chemical you can be exposed to safely. This amount is called either the “Permissible Exposure Limit” or the “Threshold Limit Value.” • The Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) is the maximum concentration of a chemical someone can be exposed to safely. • The Threshold Limit Value (TLV) is the concentration of a chemical substance in the atmosphere that is considered nonhazardous under normal work conditions. These values are established by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.

  14. Section 2: Composition and Information on Ingredients, cont. PEL and TLV are measured in parts per million, or PPM. The lower the PPM, the more hazardous the chemical is. For example, a chemical with a PEL of 1 ppm is far more toxic than a chemical with a PEL of 150 ppm. Both PEL and TLV are based on exposure during a typical 8-hour work shift. NOTE: If “Trade Secret” appears on an MSDS, it means the manufacturer is exercising its right to avoid releasing sensitive product information. However, in an emergency, this information must be provided immediately to your company, emergency responders, or any healthcare professionals involved.

  15. Section 3: Hazards Identification May also be called “Toxicology and Health Information.” This section identifies the potential physical and health hazards of the chemical and how to protect yourself while working with it. It also describes the symptoms of overexposure and other potential health effects. These descriptions may include: • PEL and TLV (if not listed in the hazardous ingredients section). • How the substance enters the body, also known as Routes of Exposure. • Medical conditions that may be aggravated by exposure. • Whether the substance is acarcinogen (cancer-causing).

  16. Section 4: First Aid Measures This section typically lists first aid and emergency information specific to exposure to this chemical. It gives exposure information and treatment suggestions to help emergency responders. This section also states what to do if a chemical enters your body through: • Inhalation. • Eye contact. • Skin contact. • Ingestion. Different hazardous chemicals will require different emergency and first-aid procedures if overexposed or ingested. Read this section for any hazardous chemicals you work with or may be exposed to. NOTE: If your physician requires information about the chemicals you are or may be exposed to, you should provide him or her with the MSDS for those chemicals.

  17. Section 5: Fire-Fighting Measures This section describes flammability information such as Flash Point and ignition temperature. • Flammable liquids have a flash point below100° F. • Combustible liquids have a flash point at or above 100° F. The chemical’s flammability limits, expressed as a percentage of the fuel/air mixture, are also listed. In addition, this section describes how to safely extinguish a fire involving a particular chemical, including the type of fire extinguisher you should use. Remember, fire-fighting techniques are important even if a hazardous chemical is not directly involved. It is always critical to stop fires from spreading to sensitive storage and staging areas.

  18. Section 6: Accidental Release Measures May also be called “Spill” or “Leak Procedures.” This section lists the proper disposal and containment methods for a chemical and how it should be cleaned up in the event of an accidental spill or leak. This may include: • Measures to protect the environment. • Methods and materials for cleaning up the spill such as using sand, sawdust, or other absorbent materials.

  19. Section 7: Handling and Storage This section lists additional precautions for safely using and handling the chemical. This may include: • Required distances from flammable, combustible, and other hazardous materials in the area. • Precautions on how to safely move or transport the chemical. • General storage precautions. • Container sealing requirements. • Temperature requirements for storage. Because many workplaces have different storage considerations and hazards on site, be sure to read your company-specific MSDS for the chemical you will be working with.

  20. Section 8: Exposure Controls and Personal Protection May also be called “Exposure Control Methods.” This section lists protective measures to follow when handling the chemical, such as the PPE required during either normal use or in an emergency. You must wear appropriate PPE to protect yourself when working with chemicals that present health hazards. You must make sure you take proper precautions at all times when working with hazardous chemicals in order to protect yourself from exposure. More information about PPE can be found elsewhere in this training program. In addition, you should always consult your company’s PPE policy for any further instructions.

  21. Section 9: Physical and Chemical Properties May also be called “Physical and Chemical Characteristics.” This section lists a chemical’s physical characteristics and may include the following: • Boiling Point: The temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas (vapor) at normal atmospheric pressure. • Specific Gravity of Vapor: Whether or not the vapor is lighter or heavier than air. • Specific Gravity of Liquid: Whether or not the liquid is lighter or heavier than water. • Vapor Pressure: The pressure produced bythe vapor on its liquid in a closed system. • Expansion Ratio: The ratio of the increase in volume of a specific amount of liquid when it changes to a vapor. • Solubility in Water: The rate at which the product will dissolve in water at room temperature.

  22. Section 9: Physical and Chemical Properties, cont. • Appearance and Odor: The appearance and smell of a material. • Percent Volatile: How much of the chemical evaporates at room temperature. • pH: The measurement of acid versus base of a solution on a scale of 1 to 14. • Odorant Warnings: Identifies the particular smell and attributes of any odorant used. It is important to always know the physical and chemical properties of all hazardous chemicals you work with.

  23. Section 10: Stability and Reactivity This section provides information on the stability of the chemical and how it reacts under certain conditions. This information helps you avoid dangerous situations caused by improper storage or handling of a hazardous chemical. Information in this section may include: • Incompatibility with other substances, chemicals, or materials that might cause the chemical to burn, explode, or release dangerous gases. • Whether the chemical will be stable or unstable while in use, storage, or through potential misuse. • Hazardous by-products of the chemical’s decomposition.

  24. ANSI MSDS Sections The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) published a standard called Hazardous Industrial Chemicals, which recommends MSDS preparers use a common format. This format includes the OSHA-required sections just reviewed and these six additional sections: • Toxicological Information: Identifies how lethal the chemical is if it enters your body. • Ecological Information: Explains the effect the chemical has on the environment if released. • Disposal Consideration: Contains information on disposal methods and waste classification.

  25. ANSI MSDS Sections, cont. • Transport Information: States the shipping information for the chemical, including packaging and identification requirements for transport. • Regulatory Information: Lists federal, state, and local requirements. • Other Information: Includes disclaimers, references, and creation and revision dates. These sections are not required by OSHA, but some or all may be included on an MSDS. Although they are not widely used, it is recommended that you review these sections, if present, to complete your understanding of the chemical.

  26. CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING

  27. LEARNING ACTIVITY Identify Sections of the MSDS for Odorized Propane

  28. LESSON 3 Labeling

  29. Labeling Introduction OSHA requires the manufacturer, importer, or distributor to evaluate each chemical it produces and determine potential hazards. After a chemical has been evaluated, its container must be labeled, tagged, or marked. The type of container and the amount of chemical stored within the container also defines how it will be labeled. The purpose of a hazard warning label is to identify throughwords, symbols, or pictures: • The chemical name. • The name and address of the chemical’s responsible party. • Any hazards pertaining to the chemical. For more detailed information, always check the MSDS. After completing this lesson, you will be able to: • Explain why and how labels are used. • Identify what information must be included on a label. • Identify labeling and relabeling responsibilities.

  30. OSHA Labeling Requirements There are a number of ways to comply with OSHA’s labeling requirements. Any type of label is acceptable as long as it conveys the information clearly. Labels may be written in multiple languages, but must provide the required information in English. Regardless of the type of labels being used, OSHA- compliant labels must: • Be easy to spot and clearly legible. • Not obstruct any required markings. • Be placed against a background of contrasting color. OSHA labels must include the identity and appropriate physical and health hazard warnings that will be useful to employees working around the chemical. Let’s explore the different labeling systems that can fulfill these requirements.

  31. Uniform Labeling Systems OSHA requires all containers of hazardous chemicals to be labeled. The purpose is to alert anyone who may come into contact with the container about potential hazards and how to handle that chemical safely. Although OSHA has specific requirements for labels, there is no standard OSHA label. To help companies comply with OSHA regulations, some common uniform labeling systems have been developed by DOT, ANSI, the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), and the National Paint and Coatings Association (NPCA). No matter what labeling system is used, it is important that you scan the product’s packaging for warning information. Read this information carefully and contact your supervisor if you have questions.

  32. DOT Shipping Labels OSHA requires that all hazardous material containers that are to be transported in commerce be labeled according to DOT regulations and include the proper shipping name and material hazard class. These shipping labels may use colored diamonds, numbers, words, and pictures to identify and describe potential hazards. Containers that remain at the workplace do not fall under DOT jurisdiction and are not required to comply with this labeling standard. DOT requirements for hazard identification and shipping labels will be discussed in detail later in this course.

  33. ANSI Labels The ANSI labeling system uses colors and signal words to communicate the degree or level of hazard. This system isused frequently and can be seen in everyday places. One example of an ANSI label you may be familiar with is the “CAUTION” label on an automatic door. The signal word “CAUTION” warns of the possible danger of a minorinjury. The yellow background color indicates moderate risk. ANSI uses these signal words: • DANGER: Indicates an imminently hazardous situation which, if not avoided, may result in death or serious injury. Safety Signs identified by the signal word DANGER should be used sparingly and only for those situations presenting the most serious hazards. • WARNING: Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, may result in death or serious injury. Hazards identified by the signal word WARNING present a lesser degree of risk of injury or death than those identified by the signal word DANGER.

  34. ANSI Labels, cont. • CAUTION: Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, may result in minor or moderate injury. CAUTION may also be used to alert against unsafe practices associated with events that could lead to personal injury. CAUTION used without the Safety Alert Symbol indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, may result in property damage. The background color of signal word labels also communicates the degree of hazard of a particular material or situation. • Red – Indicates severe risk. • Orange – Indicates serious risk. • Yellow – Indicates moderate risk.

  35. ANSI Labels, cont. When more than one hazard exists on a product, it is permissible to use one label, provided the information addresses each hazard and the signal word/hazard classification selected is based on the greatest level of hazard. ANSI labels may also list specific hazards, their possible consequences, and how best to avoid them. This information may be communicated through words or pictures.

  36. NFPA 704 Labels The NFPA 704 standard labeling system identifies the health, fire, and chemical reactivity hazards of liquids stored in drums or bulk tanks. NFPA 704 uses a series of diamonds with colors and numbers to label hazards. Colors show the type of hazard: • Blue indicates a health hazard. The contents could be harmful to your health. • Red indicates a fire hazard. Contents of the container could be flammable. • Yellow indicates a chemical’s reactivity, such as explosiveness or adverse reactions in certain situations. • White indicates special instructions that must be followed to safely handle the chemical.

  37. NFPA 704 Labels, cont. Numbers designate the degree of risk: • 0 – Minimal risk. • 1 – Slight risk. • 2 – Moderate risk. • 3 – Serious risk. • 4 – Severe risk. For example, a methanol label shows the chemical has a slight health risk of 1, a serious risk for flammability, and no chemical reactivity or special instructions.

  38. HMIS Labels Similar to the NFPA 704 standard, the Hazardous Materials Information System (HMIS) labeling system uses colors and numbers to identify hazards. These labels are intended to convey full health warning information. The colored bars on an HMIS label provide information about the following areas: • Blue indicates health hazards. • Red indicates the degree of flammability. • Yellow indicates the potential reactivity. • Orange indicates physical hazards. • White indicates required personal protection. In the third edition of HMIS, the orange colored bar indicating physical hazards replaces the yellow colored bar indicating reactivity. Although both versions are correct, the National Paint and Coatings Association (NCPA) encourages companies to follow the most recent standard.

  39. HMIS Labels, cont. HMIS labels also use the numbers zero through four to convey the degree of hazard, with four indicating the highest hazard level. Under health hazards, an asterisk is added to the rating if the effects could result in a chronic condition. A letter in the Personal Protection section of an HMIS label provides information on the type of PPE to use when handling this material. You may find additional information to the left of the colored bars, such as route of entry, specifics on health and physical hazards, and which organs are most susceptible to these hazards.

  40. Consumer Labels Many propane companies attach a warning label to cylinders that will be handled by consumers. This type of label is primarily for customers who will be handling portable, refillable propane containers weighing 100 lb or less without supervision of a trained propane employee. Consumer labels generally provide hazard information and operating instructions in clear, nonindustry specific terms to help the customer safely handle propane. Consumer labels vary depending on company policy, but should clearly indicate both potential hazards and how to minimize risk. All propane container labels must be legible.

  41. Combination Labels Sometimes a company will decide that one type of standard labeling system does not suit its needs and may develop a label combining multiple standards with its own additional information. They must, however, always meet the requirements set forth by OSHA and DOT. Within the industry, a combination label may also be called a 3-in-1 label or 4-in-1 label. The label in the example combines information from ANSI, DOT, and NFPA labels, while including additional details that the company requires. This label is intended to help customers understand how to safely connect their propane cylinder. Make sure you understand your company’s specific system for labeling.

  42. Relabeling Procedures When a chemical shipment reaches your company, a designated employee checks for labels before accepting the shipment. Unlabeled containers must either be returned to the manufacturer or relabeled. The most common reasons for relabeling are: • To replace soiled, unreadable, or missing labels. • To label smaller containers of product transferred from a larger container that will not be used immediately by the same employee who conducted that transfer. • The chemical being stored within a container has changed. Always check to make sure you are complying with any additional policies your company may have concerning labeling and relabeling.

  43. Exceptions to Labeling Occasionally, labels are not necessary. The following are examples where labeling may not be required. • When chemicals are shipped by cargo tank or railcar, DOT placards are on the vehicle and serve as the required DOT hazard warning. More information on placarding can be found later in this course. • Federal regulations do not require the labeling of pipes or piping systems, but some states do. The recommended industry practice for labeling propane piping systems is to label the termination points of various pipes and hoses with the word “Liquid” or “Vapor.” This applies to both stationary installations and trucks.

  44. Exceptions to Labeling, cont. If smaller containers are for immediate use by the person transferring the product, there is no need to label the container. OSHA hazard communication labels are not required when using products regulated by other agencies. However, those other agencies may have their own labeling requirements. Examples of this exception could include certain pesticides and consumer household products you may work with.

  45. LEARNING ACTIVITY Cylinder Labeling

  46. CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING

  47. LESSON 4 Employee Information and Training

  48. Employee Information and Training Introduction As a propane industry employee, it is important for you to understand that there are a number of hazardous chemicalsin your workplace. Although propane is the chemical you will most often be working with, you should always be mindful of other chemicals such as solvents, methanol, gasoline, diesel fuel, and various paint products that may also pose a risk. Because maintaining safety in your workplace is essential, OSHA requires your company to provide information and training about all hazardous chemicals you may be exposed to and how to safely handle them. After completing this lesson, you will be able to: • Identify the two hazard groups. • Explain general safety tips for working with hazardous chemicals. • Explain what is required of your company’s written program.

  49. Training Requirements OSHA’s HazCom Standard requires all employees to be trained on how to work with the hazardous chemicals involved with their job. It states: “Employers shall provide employees with effective information and training on hazardous chemicals in their work area at the time of their initial assignment, and whenever a new physical or health hazard the employees have not previously been trained about is introduced into their work area. Information and training may be designed to cover categories of hazards (e.g., flammability, carcinogenicity) or specific chemicals. Chemical-specific information must always be available through labels and material safety data sheets.” Depending on how many hazardous chemicals you work with, you may be trained on an entire “hazard group” (explained later in this lesson) or on just a specific chemical. Chemical-specific training works well in the propane industry because most employees work with only a few chemicals.

  50. Training Requirements, cont. Do not hesitate to inform your employer if you feel you need additional training. Whatever method of training is used, it must include: • How to detect the presence or release of a hazardous chemical. • The physical and health hazards involved. • Measures to protect against these hazards and properly respond in an emergency.

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