1. FRUITS Fruits can be divided into three categories: 1. Simple fruit - a fruit formed from a single ovary of a single flower (monocarpous or syncarpous ovary) 2. Aggregate fruit - a fruit formed from several ovariesof a singleflower (apocarpous) e.g. Anona 3. Multiple fruit - a fruit formed from the ovaries of flowers borne in a compact inflorescence. The fruits unite at maturity e.g. jackfruit, pineapple

2. Simple fruits • Dry indehiscent fruits • Dry dehiscent fruits • Succulent/Fleshy fruits A fruit : - pericarp + the seed (inside) - is a ripened ovary/ovaries generally containing one to many seeds inside Pericarp : exocarp/epicarp + mesocarp + endocarp ** Following pollination and fertilization in a flower, the ovule develops into a seed while the ovarywall forms the fruit pericarp

3. 1. Simple Fruits A. Dry indehiscent fruits Cypsela Samara Achene pericarp seed Nut

4. coleoptile plumule radicle endosperm coleorrhiza Caryopsis

5. Schizocarp

6. B. Dry dehiscent fruits Legume/Pod Follicle Siliqua Loment/Lomentum

7. (ii) Capsule (Loculicidal) (i) Capsule (Septicidal) (iv-a) Capsule (Circumscissle) (iv-b) Capsule (Operculate) (iii) Capsule (Poricidal) (Pyxis) (Poricidal)

8. Rubber – Capsule septicidal

9. Durian – Capsule loculicidal

10. C. Succulent/Fleshy fruits epicarp epicarp mesocarp mesocarp endocarp endocarp Drupe endocarp mesocarp epicarp Berry

11. endocarp epicarp outer limit of carpel mesocarp endocarp remains of stamen, style and calyx Pome Hesperidium seed epicarp tough (originated from the receptacle) Pepo

12. 2. Aggregate Fruit calyx pedicel pits/seeds fleshy receptacle Strawberry (achene)

13. pedicel seed fruitlet Anona

14. 3. Multiple Fruits remains of a flower bract fruit axis peduncle Pineapple (sorosis)

15. true fruit pericarp seed perianth thickened stigma remains fruit axis thickened stigma remains Jackfruit