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Disorders of the Cardiovascular System

Disorders of the Cardiovascular System. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). Myocardium depends on the continuous delivery of oxygen & glucose. If blood flow thru the coronary arteries is restricted  CAD. Atherosclerosis .

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Disorders of the Cardiovascular System

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  1. Disorders of the Cardiovascular System

  2. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) • Myocardium depends on the continuous delivery of oxygen & glucose. • If blood flow thru the coronary arteries is restricted  CAD

  3. Atherosclerosis • caused by the narrowing & stiffening of the arteries due to fatty deposits known as atheromas that build up in the wall of the arteries

  4. Atherosclerosis • initial problem starts with patient having high levels of lipid & cholesterol • these substances infiltrate the wall of the artery @ sites of microscopic damage • form atheromas • coronary arteries& brain most common areas • atheromas build up  eventually forming raised patches called plaques

  5. Plaques • constrict the lumen of the artery • restricts flow of blood to tissues beyond the plaque • if plaques not completely obstructing flow of blood it will cause turbulence by disrupting the smooth flow of blood thru the artery  increases chances of blood clotting

  6. Angiography

  7. Atherosclerosis Risk Factors • Smoking • Diet with lots of fried foods or high in saturated fats • Excess weight • Family history

  8. Angina • chest pains that come on with exertion & are relieved by rest • caused by temporally inadequate supply of blood to cardiac muscle • common triggers: exercise, cold weather, stress, or a large meal • treated with meds that dilate coronary arteries

  9. Angina

  10. Myocardial Infarction • heart attack • occurs when an area of cardiac muscle is deprived of blood due to blockage of coronary artery  muscle cells die

  11. Symptoms of Heart Attack

  12. Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) • heart’s inability to effectively pump blood to lungs & body’s tissues • onset can be sudden or gradual

  13. CHF • Symptoms: • shortness of breathe, wheezing • swelling & edema • sweaty, pale skin

  14. Congenital Heart Defects (CHD) • defects present from birth • babies cyanotic, tire easily, short of breathe • probable genetic influence • most diagnosed prenatally by ultrasound • surgical advances have greatly improved survival

  15. Heart Valve Disorders • efficient functioning of valves is disrupted • Valves can become loose (insufficiency) or tight & rigid (stenosis)

  16. Heart Murmurs • unusual heart sounds produced by turbulent blood flow • due to valve defect • each valve • http://www.cardiologysite.com/

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