What future?

1. What future? A view of little things that might just make a difference Warning: This is not a sales pitch

2. Provisional Agenda • Background . • The challenge of fuel price increases. • Energy reduction • Lighting Controllers • Led’s • Practical measures • Environmental Issues • Recycle, reuse or reclaim • Thermal Treatments • Questions

3. Manufacturing • Has Britain fallen out of love with manufacturing? • But successful economies cannot ignore whole industries and prosper • UK great at new ideas but exploitation is historically poor. • Skills shortages will prevent the emergence of new technologies. • The burden of legislation / “help” is overwhelming even in environmental matters. • CCL, Packaging Regulations, Landfill tax, Carbon Trust surveys, loans, Advanced Capital Allowances, ROCs etc • Controlling energy costs is essential to competing effectively. • Market volatility distorts competition.

4. The Frightening Rise in Wholesale Electricity Prices in 36 months.

5. Making energy savings in Manufacturing • We know we have to save but where to start is always difficult. • Every business has the same challenge. • What do we attack first? • Standing charges, • Peak loads, • Availability charges, • CCL avoidance, • Consumption – if so how? • Rates, • Power Factor

6. A Manufacturers Approach • Get a free survey • Measure all the boards to understand the load. • Monitor consumption preferably by board or application. • Include it as a KPI • Educate the workforce • (-1ºC = -~8%) • Turn it Off • Look at cooling and heating • Look for simple modular units that make a difference. • Give a Doer a bonus and monitor performance at least monthly.

7. Voltage Reduction – Lighting • Works on Fluorescent and discharge lamps • Bulbs are designed to operate 195v-205v • Unlike tungsten filament bulbs not a linear relationship between power input and light output. • 25% reduction in power equates to a non discernable 2-3% reduction in light output. • Visit www.electricgreen.co.uk

8. Voltage Reduction – 3 Phase lighting circuits

9. LiteMiser – Voltage Reduction • Reduced electricity consumption by 20%+ • Complies to H&S and CE electrical standards • Simple installation either retro fitted or in new builds • No changes to existing electrical infrastructure • Highly reliable maintenance free technology • Pure sinusoidal output with no harmonics • Improvement in power factor • Extended life of bulbs by up to 60% • Quick payback / Excellent return on capital • Positive reduction in CO²

10. Voltage Reduction – Lighting • Typically reduces voltage by 25v (230v to 205v) • Unit sits between incoming switch and distribution board. • Protects integrity of lighting by sensing the reduced voltage. • Reduces maintenance by extending bulb life. • Payback shortened significantly as energy prices have increased. • See www.electricgreen.co.uk

11. Lighting – the future

12. LED’s • Started in car industry • Developed in specialist effect lighting • Now mainstream. • MR 16s are very popular but inefficient. • 1st generation replacements had poor colour match. • Luxeon LEDs are the future • Same quality of light output • 7w equivalent to 50w MR16 • Rapid payback ~12-18 months • Technology and market developing fast

13. Tri LED 6w = 35w Tungsten Halogen Tri LED 3w = 20w Tungsten Halogen Tri LED 9w = 50w Tungsten Halogen

14. LED Features • Very little energy wasted as Heat • Bulb life 50,000 hours • Cannot be retrofitted need drivers • Serial installation • Flexible light output • Capable of being developed further – clusters

15. Environmental Issues Its serious, and getting close to home. Spain and Portugal suffering major water shortages Rivers being diverted for national need. Quality of ground water that remains has deteriorated over the last 15 years.

16. Environment – Why it matters • Global impact – huge economic opportunity • Developed countries must set the standard • Politicians & financiers are short term, so • Mobilisation of masses is essential • Must not become fatalistic but rate of change has been frightening. • If we cannot change way of life we must become more efficient. • Making a difference……………

17. Life has changed a lot in 35 years…

18. Industrial Recycling Pyramid Primary and Secondary Packaging Pharmaceutical - packaging Medical – devices & systems Food - packaging Consumer -packaging Home & Garden - furniture Construction – windows, gutters Virgin Materials Recycled Materials

19. Oil Resources - the efficient cycle Oil Generation Polymer Landfill Energy Recovery Product 1 Re-use End of life Product 1a Product 2 Recycle

20. So what can improve the situation. • Lot of investment in large scale aerobic & anaerobic digestors, incinerators, composters etc • Other technologies can help • Thermal treatments remove majority or all of the organic waste burden. • Provide an elegant end of life energy recovery system. • Continue to work on some exciting research projects • Commercialisation of one is now possibel.

21. Thermal Treatments of waste

22. Why this is not Incineration • Air volumes with incineration are large. Spend much time & effort cleaning up output air. So plants are large. • Environmentally it makes sense to treat rubbish as close to the source as possible. • This also has the benefit of reduced cost of transport with its own benefit. • Totally scaleable 250kg – 1.5tonnes per hour. • Less polluting than a Ford Mondeo! • Better to distribute a scaleable solution to produce power locally from rubbish produced locally.

23. Problems • Best to have a homogeneous waste source from single source. • Examples we have looked at include • Plastic by-product from production, • Polythene sheets and silage wrap from farming. • Hospital contaminated waste. • Supermarket waste- food, packaging etc • Household waste possible with front end handling. • Nimby attitude but electrical benefit could offset this.

24. Energy Equation Gasifier Generator Waste Biogas Electricity Heat 1 tonne of Organic dry waste = 0.95MW of Electricity Energy + 1.6MW of Heat Energy

25. Features of Gasification Systems • WID – all aspects satisfied • A small footprint, the unit is skid mounted and modular. • Can be containerised and transported to the source of the waste. • Few moving parts. • Low operational cost and easily maintainable. • Computerised control system enabling remote monitoring / control. • Operates under mild vacuum and is inherently safe. • Rapid process start up - 15 minutes to gas production. • Can be stopped immediately simply by closing all air valves. • Can be run on a shift basis 8, or 16, hours per day, if required. • Can be turned down to process 25% of capacity if required. • No harmful emissions. • Low ash content, especially compared to incinerators. • Low plant profile compared to alternatives, (for NIMBY objectors). • Invisible flare / plumeless flare (no vapour trail) • Excellent Carbon Dioxide footprint (CO² to kWhr) • Installed at landfill sites to supplement landfill gas, thereby allowing optimal sizing of power generation equipment

26. Road Blocks to Technology • Thermals have had a Poor track record of success in Thermals • Poor understanding of capability • Associated with incineration • Lack of available venture funds