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Beef Breed and Characteristics

This article explores various beef breeds, their traits, and meat production methods. It delineates the definition of a breed and includes popular English beef breeds like Hereford, Angus, and Shorthorn, alongside other breeds such as Brahman and Charolais. The text covers exotic breeds and the significance of cow-calf operations, feedlot finishing, and various beef production types. Key terminology regarding beef cattle, their lifecycle, and breeding practices are also provided, making it a comprehensive resource for understanding the beef industry.

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Beef Breed and Characteristics

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  1. Beef Breed and Characteristics

  2. What is a Breed? • a group of animals that have certain traits in common • color • size • body structure • place of origin • horned or polled

  3. Texas Longhorn

  4. What are the English Beef Breeds? • Hereford - Red & white, horned or polled • most popular in the U.S. • Angus - bred to compete with Hereford • smaller cows and calves • excellent conformation (body type) • mature lighter • resistant to pinkeye & cancer eye (due to black) • Shorthorn - dual purpose breed (meat/milk)

  5. Hereford

  6. Polled Hereford

  7. Angus

  8. Shorthorn

  9. Other Beef Breeds • Brahman - from France • hot & humid climates • disease resistant • Charolais - large & long body, fast growth • used to increase size of English breeds • increasing in popularity due to low marbling • Santa Gertrudis - 3/8 Brahman & 5/8 shorthorn • popular in southern U.S. • Brangus - 3/8 Brahman & 5/8 Angus

  10. Brahman

  11. Charolais

  12. Santa Gertrudis

  13. Brangus

  14. What are Exotics? • animals not common to U.S. • used for increasing calf weights • importation laws restrict bringing exotics into the U.S.

  15. Beefalo

  16. Beefmaster

  17. Belgian Blue

  18. Belted Galloway

  19. Gelbvieh

  20. Simmental

  21. Tarentaise

  22. Beef Production • Cow-Calf Production: own cows, sell weaner calves • Stocker: buy weaner calves, sell yearlings • Feedlot Finishing: buy calves, fatten, sell to slaughter house

  23. Types of Beef Operations • Pure Breed • Cow/Calf • Feedlot

  24. Beef Production • Cow-Calf: most common need range land calve in spring, sell calves in fall supplement with needed proteins, minerals, vitamins feed best hay to those that need it the most (pregnant, lactating, heifers) lots of clean water & free choice salt Roughages are feed like Hay, concentrates are things like grain.

  25. Feedlot Finishing • place calves in feedlot 500-700# • feed high concentrates (grain) 2-4 months • slaughter at 1000-1200#

  26. Beef Terminology • A Mature Male is called a: Bull • A Mature Female is called a: Cow • The act of Giving Birth is called: Calving • Gestation = 283 days • A Castrated Male is called a: Steer • An Immature Female is called a: Heifer

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