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29: Musculoskeletal Care

29: Musculoskeletal Care. Anatomy and Physiology of the Musculoskeletal System. Skeletal System. Fracture Broken bone Dislocation Disruption of a joint Sprain Joint injury with tearing of ligaments Strain Stretching or tearing of a muscle. Types of Musculoskeletal Injuries.

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29: Musculoskeletal Care

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  1. 29: Musculoskeletal Care

  2. Anatomy and Physiology of the Musculoskeletal System

  3. Skeletal System

  4. Fracture Broken bone Dislocation Disruption of a joint Sprain Joint injury with tearing of ligaments Strain Stretching or tearing of a muscle Types of Musculoskeletal Injuries

  5. Mechanism of Injury • Force may be applied in several ways: Direct blow Indirect force High-energy injury Twisting force

  6. Closed fracture A fracture that does not break the skin Open fracture External wound associated with fracture Nondisplaced fracture Simple crack of the bone Displaced fracture Fracture in which there is actual deformity Fractures

  7. Greenstick Fracture

  8. Comminuted Fracture

  9. Pathologic Fracture

  10. Epiphyseal Fracture

  11. Deformity Tenderness Guarding Swelling Bruising Signs and Symptomsof a Fracture (1 of 2)

  12. Crepitus False motion Exposed fragments Pain Locked joint Signs and Symptomsof a Fracture (2 of 2)

  13. Marked deformity Swelling Pain Tenderness on palpation Virtually complete loss of joint function Numbness or impaired circulation to the limb and digit Signs and Symptomsof a Dislocation

  14. Signs and Symptoms of a Sprain • Point tenderness can be elicited over injured ligaments. • Swelling and ecchymosis appear at the point of injury to the ligaments. • Pain • Instability of the joint is indicated by increased motion.

  15. Compartment Syndrome • Most commonly occurs in a fractured tibia or forearm of children • Elevated pressure within a fascial compartment • Develops within 6 to 12 hours after injury • Pain out of proportion with injury • Splint affected limb, keeping it at the level of the heart. • Provide immediate transport.

  16. Severity of Injury • Critical injuries can be identified using musculoskeletal injury grading system.

  17. Minor Injuries • Minor sprains • Fractures or dislocations of digits

  18. Moderate Injuries • Open fractures of the digits • Nondisplaced long bone fractures • Nondisplaced pelvic fractures • Major sprains of a major joint

  19. Serious Injuries • Displaced long bone fractures • Multiple hand and foot fractures • Open long bone fractures • Displaced pelvic fractures • Dislocations of major joints • Multiple digit amputations • Laceration of major nerves or blood vessels

  20. Severe Life-Threatening Injuries (Survival Is Probable) • Multiple closed fractures • Limb amputations • Fractures of both long bones on the leg (bilateral femur fractures)

  21. Critical Injuries (Survival Is Uncertain) • Multiple open fracture of the limbs • Suspected pelvic fractures with hemodynamic instability

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