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The Wars of Christendom. Religious conflict and the End of the Middle Ages 1535-1648. I. The Empire Strikes Back. A. Germany. Schmalkaldic League 1531 - Charles V Peace of Augsburg 1555 Cuius regio , eius religio “Whose region, his religion”.
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The Wars of Christendom Religious conflict and the End of the Middle Ages 1535-1648
A. Germany • Schmalkaldic League 1531- Charles V • Peace of Augsburg 1555 Cuiusregio, eiusreligio “Whose region, his religion”
3. Council of Trent 1545-1563 - limited theological compromises Alternative to war?
B. The Catholic Reformation 1. Ignatius Loyola - Society of Jesus (Jesuits) 1540 education, service Francis Xavier colonization
C. Counter-Reformation 1. Inquisition revived 2. Church secures property
A. French Civil War 1. Henry of Navarre 1572 - Guise vs. Bourbons- St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre 2. Edict of Nantes 1598 “Paris is worth a mass”
B. Philip II & Spain 1. Legacy of Charles V
2. Revolt of the Netherlands - Council of Blood 1566 - Spanish Fury 1576
C. The 30 Years War 1618-1648 1. Defenestration of Prague 1617 -World War England, Holland, Denmark, Sweden, N. Germany, (France) v. HRE, Spain, Pope
2. Peace of Westphalia 1648 - Modern boundaries End of the Middle Ages
Era of the Nation-State - Church(es) served state Modernization of government - competition / colonization / science Absolutism and Liberalism