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Chapter 10: The Worlds of Christendom

Chapter 10: The Worlds of Christendom. Contraction, Expansion, and Division 500-1300. Learning Objectives. To teach students why Christianity became a major religion during the third wave era of civilizations.

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Chapter 10: The Worlds of Christendom

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  1. Chapter 10: The Worlds of Christendom Contraction, Expansion, and Division 500-1300

  2. Learning Objectives • To teach students why Christianity became a major religion during the third wave era of civilizations. • To teach students how and why Christianity contracted and expanded in different parts of the world during this time period.

  3. Academic Standards in Social Studies • 9.4.3.8.3 • 9.4.3.9.1 • 9.4.3.9.5

  4. Introduction • Growth of modern Christianity • China, South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, The Philippines, Vietnam, and parts of India. • Non-Muslim regions of Africa • Protestant Christianity in Latin America

  5. Christianity in third wave civilizations • Widespread in Africa and Eurasia • Contraction of Christianity • Division

  6. Christian Contraction in Asia and Africa Asian Christianity • Contraction due to the emergence of Islam • Powerful Arab Empire • Several sacred locations taken by Islam • “Arrival of new faith” • Warfare against nearby Byzantine and Persia • Conversion to Islam

  7. Christian Contraction in Asia and Africa Asian Christianity • Contraction of Christianity in China • Chinese state turned against all foreign religions • Acceptance from the Mongol rule • Almost completely vanished during the Confucian Ming dynasty

  8. Christian Contraction in Asia and Africa African Christianity • Majority of Egypt practiced Christianity under Islamic rule – “dhimmis” • Violent change when Egypt threatened by Mongols and Christian crusaders • Rise and decline in Nubia • Strong Christian community in Ethiopia

  9. Discussion Question #1 • What variations in the experience of African and Asian Christian communities can you identify?

  10. Byzantine Christendom • Ties between church and state. • Provided a cultural identity • Eastern Orthodox Christianity • Roman Catholicism • Crusades • Seizure and looting of Constantinople in 1204

  11. Byzantium and the World • Struggle against Persian Empire • “Greek Fire” • Long-distance trade in Eurasia • Cultural influence • Conquest of Balkans and parts of Russia

  12. The Conversion of Russia • Culturally diverse KievanRus • Prince Vladimir or Kiev • Sought to unify the diverse area • Linked Rus with larger networks of communication and exchange • “Third Rome”

  13. Discussion Question #2 • How did links to Byzantium transform the new civilization of KievanRus?

  14. The West in comparative perspective Ch. 10 Ways of the World

  15. Learning Objectives • Students will demonstrate knowledge of how different cultures influenced the west. • Students will recognize technological advancements made by the west as a result of borrowing. • Students will learn the basics of pluralism in politics in the west. • Students will learn about the idea of reason and theology and its effect on faith.

  16. Benchmarks • 9.4.1.2.1 • 9.4.1.2.2 • 9.4.3.8.1 • 9.4.3.9.7

  17. How Was The West Seen? Far behind other civilizations Smaller cities Weak political figures Weak economy Technologically behind

  18. Catching Up • How did the West catch up to other civilizations? • Answer: Borrowing

  19. What Was Borrowed? • Intellectual Innovations: • Examples: Mathematics, Chess • Cultural Innovations: • Examples: Christian Mysticism, Music, Poetry • Technological Innovations: • Examples: Horse Collar, Gunpowder, Paper

  20. Agricultural Advancements • Heavy wheeled plows to handle dense soil of north Europe. • Horses • Three- field crop rotation

  21. Other Advancements • Windmill, water driven • Gunpowder • Cannons • Question: In what ways did borrowing from abroad shape European civilization after 1000?

  22. Pluralism In Politics • No Empire • Competing coexisting state governments • Weaker competing officials / rulers • Local commoner representation in government • Embryonic parliaments represented the three estates, 1-Clergey, 2-Landowning nobility, and 3-urban merchants

  23. Effects of Pluralism and Competition • War • Strengthened local militaries • Drove Scholars and Bureaucrats • Extended trading and borrowing • Further advanced agriculture • Lead way for capitalism

  24. Reason and Faith (Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY)

  25. Reason • Theology • European intellectuals were called to ask questions. • Who? What? When? Where? Why? • The idea was to provide a rational foundation of faith. • Reason was applied to religion, law, medicine, nature, astronomy, etc.

  26. Results Of Reason • Aristotle was the prominent figure in the area of theology. • Many scholars were force out of European countries and took their teachings to the Islamic World. • Theology was accepted and eventually taught in the University. • Lead the way for scientific study.

  27. Effects On Faith • Religious establishments saw reason as a threat. A threat that questioned the fundamentals of their ideology. • To this day there is tension between religious groups and scientific thinkers.

  28. Picture Questions • Does this picture portray Christ's Divinity? Look closely at the picture before answering. How does the image portray Jesus as an All-Powerful ruler? Does this image of Jesus differ from others you have seen?

  29. Visual Source 10.3 Ladder of Divine Ascent • Instructional book for Byzantine monks • Taught monks to overcome temptation and ascend toward union with God • The demons represent various sins

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