Final exam-120 multiple choice-120 marks from vitamins to end of course

1. Final exam-120 multiple choice-120 marks from vitamins to end of course -4 short answer questions-15 points each for a total of 60 points covers whole course -3 hours- 180 marks • PLEASE SEE EXAM REGULATIONS ON: faculty.cbu.ca/ebarre

2. Beta carotene-fat soluble Lecture 10a- 21 March 2019 This lecture is based largely on Chapter 7, 12, 14, 15,16 in Understanding Normal and Clinical Nutrition by Rolfes et al.

3. Outline Water -role in metabolism     -role in metabolic regulation

4. Outline of lecture 10 Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle     Pregnancy and Lactation     Infancy     Early Childhood     Adolescence     Adulthood

5. More Detailed Comments Water    -role in metabolism     -carries nutrients and waste products throughout the body      -maintains structure of large molecules like proteins and glycogen

6. Water   -role in metabolism        -participates in metabolic reactions- eg hydrolysis (eg protein catabolism), or product of metabolism (metabolic sink)(eg when hydrogen joins with oxygen as part of electron transport chain processes)        -solvent (provides medium for reactions)        -regulation of body temperature        -maintains blood volume

7. Water -class exercise   -explain each role in metabolic regulation

8. Break

9. Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle     Pregnancy and Lactation Pregnancy foetal growth and development                     -folate supplementation                                     -prevent neural tube defects                                     -one month before conception- why?

10. Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle     Pregnancy and Lactation Pregnancy foetal growth and development folate supplementation                          -0.8 to 4 mg supplements                                     -if have had previous neural tube baby then 4 mg supplements may be recommended - require a prescription as high folate intake may mask pernicious anemia of a vitamin  B12 deficiency

11. Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle     Pregnancy and Lactation Pregnancy critical periods     -maternal anemia during critical growth period of placental growth alters pattern of blood vessel growth which may affect cardiovascular health of infant

12. Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle     Pregnancy and Lactation Pregnancy  critical periods         -infant beta cell development-poor maternal nutrition during critical period of  beta cell development (12 weeks gestation to 5 months post delivery) may cause diabetes particularly if person eats in overabundance in later life

13. Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle     Pregnancy and Lactation Pregnancy    weight prior to conception-underweight mother -underweight mother leads to greater chance of a low birthweight infant especially if mother is unable to gain sufficient weight during the pregnancy

14. Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle     Pregnancy and Lactation Pregnancy    weight prior to conception-underweight mother -as well rates of preterm births and infant deaths are higher for underweight women

15. Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle     Pregnancy and Lactation Pregnancy    weight prior to conception-overweight mother overweight mother leads to greater chance of her experiencing gestational diabetes, hypertension and post-partum infections and of having a stillborn and/or other labour and delivery complications

16. Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle     Pregnancy and Lactation Pregnancy    weight prior to conception-overweight mother -as well infants tend to be larger and have greater risk of poor health(including neural tube defects) and death than do normal weight infants                     -never try to lose weight during pregnancy- lose appropriately pre- conception or post-delivery

17. Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle     Pregnancy and Lactation Pregnancy   weight gain during pregnancy underweight                 28-40 lbs                   correct weight              25-35 lbs                   overweight                    15-25 lbs      obese          15   lbs minimum

18. Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle     Pregnancy and Lactation Pregnancy   energy and nutrient needs during pregnancy                   energy add 100 kcal per day  trimester 1                    add 300 kcal per trimesters 2 and 3                        pregnant teenagers, underweight and physically active women may require more

19. Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle     Pregnancy and Lactation Pregnancy   energy and nutrient needs during pregnancy nutrient needs                         fig 14-10

20. Fig. 14-10, p. 489

21. Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle     Pregnancy and Lactation Pregnancy   energy and nutrient needs during pregnancy nutrient needs                        carbohydate- ideally 250 or more grams per day and no less than 100 grams per day

22. Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle     Pregnancy and Lactation Pregnancy   energy and nutrient needs during pregnancy nutrient needs                        protein   add 5 grams per day  trimester 1                          add 20 grams per day trimester 2                             add 25 grams per day trimester 3

23. Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle     Pregnancy and Lactation Pregnancy   energy and nutrient needs during pregnancy nutrient needs                        protein   most people have enough protein to begin with  in their diet to meet these protein requirements

24. Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle     Pregnancy and Lactation Pregnancy   energy and nutrient needs during pregnancy nutrient needs                        protein   do NOT use high protein supplements during pregnancy-chance of low birthweights, pre-term births and still borns

25. Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle     Pregnancy and Lactation Pregnancy   energy and nutrient needs during pregnancy nutrient needs                        essential fatty acids linoleic and alpha-linolenic- brain growth and development, visual acuity                             fish oil supplements are not recommended -possibility of toxins and effect on pregnancy is not known

26. Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle     Pregnancy and Lactation Pregnancy   energy and nutrient needs during pregnancy nutrient needs -folate, B12, iron and zinc as well as vitamin D and calcium require particular attention

27. Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle     Pregnancy and Lactation Pregnancy common nutrition related concerns of pregnancy -nausea, constipation, haemorrhoids, heartburn, food cravings and aversions, non food-cravings (pica)

28. Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle     Pregnancy and Lactation Pregnancy malnutrition and pregnancy -malnutrition can lead to reduced fertility for males and females                     -malnutrition prior to pregnancy- prevent placenta from developing properly with subsequent potential for physical and cognitive abnormalities on the part of  the infant

29. Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle     Pregnancy and Lactation Pregnancy infants birthweight -low- premature-can catch up -have easier time catching up in growth development if  their post-delivery nutrition is good                             -less than gestational age- have tougher time catching up in growth development even if their post-delivery nutrition is good

30. Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle     Pregnancy and Lactation Pregnancy mothers age -adolescence- immaturity may lead to poor food choices with subsequent foetal risk -weight gain of 35 lbs for normal weight female

31. Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle     Pregnancy and Lactation Pregnancy practices incompatible with pregnancy alcohol and herbal supplements and nutraceuticals

32. Break