Respiratory System
Explore the intricate workings of the respiratory system, from air entry to gas exchange in alveoli. Discover how diseases like asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia, and emphysema affect lung function.
Respiratory System
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Presentation Transcript
Respiratory System By d jones
Nose • Air enters • Hairs trap large particles
Nasal cavity • Your air conditioner • Cleans • Warms • Humidifies • Mucous membranes • Add moisture • Trap particles
Capillaries • warm • Cilia move particles and mucous toward pharynx • Sneezing helps clear nasal passage of irritants
Pharynx • Crosses paths with digestive system
Larynx • Protected during swallowing by epiglottis • Cartilage holds open • Known as the voice box
Muscles called vocal cords vibrate causing sound • Tightening stretches and thins producing high sounds • Relaxing shortens and thickens producing low sounds • Keep food out if it passes into respiratory tract
Trachea (windpipe) • horse-shoe shaped cartilage rings • keep tube from colapsing • mucous traps particles in air • cilia beat pushing mucous and foreign material upward • swallowed when it reaches top of esophagus • smoking one cigarette can paralyze the cilia for twenty minutes
Bronchii ( bronchus – singular) • Left and right • Send air to right and left lungs • Have cartilage rings • Take air to lungs
Lungs • Right & left • Right has three lobes • Left has two lobes • Made of tiny air sacs called alveoli
Bronchioles • Divisions of the bronchus • Each division becomes smaller in diameter • Carry air to alveoli
Alveoli (alveolus – singular) • Working unit of the respiratory system • Air exchange takes place • Surrounded by capillaries
Respiration • Oxygen dissolves in water of moist membrane • Diffuses from alveoli to capillary • Carbon dioxide dissolves in water of moist membrane • Diffuses from capillary to alveoli • Blood carries gasses to cells where diffusion takes place again across the membranes
Diseases of the Respiratory System • Asthma • Tightening of muscle in bronchioles • Swelling also occurs • Air does not leave alveoli • Bronchitis • Bronchiole walls become inflamed • Narrowing causes inability to move air • Usually caused by infection • Sometimes caused by pollution
Pneumonia • Inflammation of lung • Caused by bacteria or virus • Fluid builds up in alveoli • Lowers rate of gas exchange • Emphysema • Alveoli wall breakdown • Loss of surface area • Lessens gas exchange • Caused by irritants • Tobacco smoke • Coal dust • Asbestos fibers
