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THE ROMAN ARMY

THE ROMAN ARMY. VENI, VIDI, VICI.

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THE ROMAN ARMY

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  1. THE ROMAN ARMY

  2. VENI, VIDI, VICI Without the well-trained and disciplined Roman Legions, there would have been no Roman Empire. The soldiers were the first Romans into a new area. They came, they saw, they conquered. And they ruthlessly maintained order so civilization could take root and dominate.

  3. How was the Roman Army organised? • Main part of the army was the LEGION • This was made up of 5000 men under the command of the LEGATE

  4. How the Roman Army was organised?... • The legion was divided into ten cohorts • Each cohort was made up of six centuries • The centuries were commanded by a centurion • Centuries originally had 100 men but 80 was normal • http://www.bandbhadrianswall.com/thewall.htm Centurion

  5. How the Roman Army was organised • The centurions were very important men • They were responsible for training the soldiers under their command and making sure everyone obeyed orders. • Some were very cruel

  6. Standard Bearers • Each century had its own emblem or standard. • This was carried by the standard bearer, a very experienced and trusted soldier • To lose your standard was a great disgrace (as in “THE EAGLE OF THE NINTH” story)

  7. Standard Bearers … cont’d…

  8. Standard Bearers … cont’d…

  9. How to become a Legionary? • You had to be a Roman citizen • You had to be physically fit and 1.6m tall • You were expected to stay in the army for 25 years

  10. Training • Most soldiers joined between 18-20 years old • There were three 30km marches each month • On each march the legionary would carry 25 kilos of equipment

  11. Training • Legionaries would also learn drill, or marching • This was important for learning manoeuvres in battle • New recruits were given shields and swords twice as heavy as the real thing!

  12. Who else was in the Army? • Auxiliaries- These were soldiers from lands conquered by the Romans who volunteered to fight for the Romans • many of these had special skills-and formed units like cavalry, archers, pikemen, etc. • But most fought with a sword and short spear

  13. Who else was in the Army? • Auxiliaries could earn Roman citizenship if they lasted 25 years • As veterans they earned farm land on the frontier • Children and all descendants also inherited citizenship

  14. Auxiliaries… cont’d

  15. Auxiliaries • Thought of by Romans as second class soldiers , paid less and not trained as rigorously • Odds were 50/50 of surviving 25 years of service • Only half made it…

  16. Hadrian’s Wall • Built by 10 000 soldiers in 2 years • Started by Emperor Hadrian to punish unruly Caledonians (Picts, Scots, et al) • Over 120 km long from coast to coast

  17. Milecastles • Located at mile intervals • Small forts built into the wall

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