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Progressives and Populists: Social Reforms in Early 20th Century America

This review explores the key elements of the Progressive movement in the early 20th century U.S. It contrasts the platforms of the Populists and Progressives, including the advocacy for a graduated income tax, direct election of senators, and labor reforms like a shorter workday. It also highlights influential figures such as W.E.B. Du Bois and Booker T. Washington, focusing on their differing approaches to racial equality and education. Furthermore, it examines the settlement house movement spearheaded by Jane Addams and Lillian Wald, addressing social reform through community engagement.

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Progressives and Populists: Social Reforms in Early 20th Century America

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  1. White board review beforeChapter 28 Mrs. Civitella A.P. U.S. History

  2. Populists platform→ Progressives Graduated income tax Direct election of senators Referendums to bypass legislators Shorter workday for laborers Not: Unlimited coinage of silver Single term limits for presidents (6 years) Immigration restrictions Ban on private armies used by corporations to break up strikes

  3. W.E.B. DuBois “talented tenth” immediate acceptance into institutions of higher learning Top down approach to educational, economic, and political equality Created N.A.A.C.P. in 1910 Critical of Booker T. Washington

  4. Booker T. Washington Tuskegee Institute Industrial/practical education Bottom up approach to economic and political equality Atlanta Exposition Secretly worked behind the scenes to end Jim Crow in the South

  5. Settlement house movement • Jane Addams • Hull House • Chicago • Child care, English lessons, Literacy • Lillian Wald • Brought the settlement house to NYC • Henry Street Settlement House • Florence Kelley • Lobbied for anti-sweat shop law in IL • Moved to NY to work on similar reforms there • Established the National Consumer’s League in 1899

  6. Social Darwinism- “only the fittest survive”, anyone could be rich, they just had to work hard. The poor were only poor due to their own shortcomings. Social Gospel- Christian social reform movement, go out and address the evils of society, “love thy neighbor as thyself” Gospel of Wealth- the idea that earthly success should be used for good works, philanthropy Essay written by Andrew Carnegie in 1899

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