Chapter 28 Review

1. Chapter 28 Review Our Solar System

2. What force draws the matter in an interstellar cloud together to form a star? • electric • gravity • magnetism • friction

3. Which of the following correctly orders planets by decreasing day length? • Venus, Earth, Jupiter • Earth, Jupiter, Venus • Jupiter, Earth, Venus • Venus, Jupiter, Earth

4. What is the main reason why Venus’ surface is so hot? • the large number of volcanoes on Venus • the very efficient greenhouse effect on Venus • the extremely fast rotation of Venus • the great amount of water on Venus

5. Which of the following is one of the characteristics an object MUST have to be classified as a dwarf planet by the IAU? • a solid surface • at least one moon • a spherical shape • a head and at least one tail

6. Which two planets are separated by a distance of 1.13 AU? • Mercury and Mars • Mars and Venus • Earth and Mercury • Mars and Earth

7. Use the data in the table to calculate the difference between the greatest and least density of the planets in the solar system. • 4.83 g/cm3 • 5.17 g/cm3 • 6.21 g/cm3 • 5.83 g/cm3

8. Which correctly identifies the location of the asteroid belt? • A • B • C • D

9. At which labeled interval of its orbit would the planet move with the greatest velocity? • A • B • C • D

10. The center of mass for a typical planet in the solar system is shown by which point in the diagram? • A • B • C • D

11. Which of the following should be added to the column for Zone 2 in this table showing the three-zone classification system for objects in the solar system? • Pluto • Earth • Eris • Neptune

12. Bodies of interplanetary debris that orbit the Sun with most in the area between Mars and Jupiter are called • meteors • comets • asteroids • meteorites

13. Small, icy bodies that have highly eccentric orbits and can be found in the Oort cloud or the Kuiper belt are called • meteors • comets • asteroids • meteorites

14. Interplanetary material that enters the Earth's atmosphere and collides with the ground rather than burning up is called a(n) • meteor • comet • asteroid • meteorite

15. What two gas giants appear blue because of the methane in their atmosphere? • Jupiter and Saturn • Saturn and Uranus • Neptune and Uranus • Jupiter and Neptune

16. The result when Earth intersects a comet’s orbit is a(n) • asteroid shower • aurora borealis • loss of satellite communication • meteor shower

17. Can condense and become concentrated enough to form a star and possibly planets • Kepler’s second law • Law of universal gravitation • Interstellar cloud • Solar nebula • Retrograde motion • Planetismals

18. The movement of a planet in an opposing direction across the sky • Kepler’s second law • Law of universal gravitation • Interstellar cloud • Solar nebula • Retrograde motion • Planetismals

19. The disk of dust and gas that formed the Sun and planets • Kepler’s second law • Law of universal gravitation • Interstellar cloud • Solar nebula • Retrograde motion • Planetismals

20. Tiny grains of condensed material accumulate and merge together to form these large bodies that grow until they reach hundreds of kilometers in diameter • Kepler’s second law • Law of universal gravitation • Interstellar cloud • Solar nebula • Retrograde motion • Planetismals

21. An imaginary line between the Sun and a planet that sweeps out equal amounts of area in equal amounts of time • Kepler’s second law • Law of universal gravitation • Interstellar cloud • Solar nebula • Retrograde motion • Planetismals

22. The statement that describes the relationship among the masses of two bodies and the force and distance between them • Kepler’s second law • Law of universal gravitation • Interstellar cloud • Solar nebula • Retrograde motion • Planetismals

23. Earth’s average distance from the Sun: 1.496 ´ 108 km • meteor • interstellar cloud • belt • comet • 1 astronomical unit • precession

24. Cloud type that is low, warm, dark-colored, and sinking • meteor • interstellar cloud • belt • comet • 1 astronomical unit • precession

25. The wobble of Earth’s axis caused by the Moon’s gravitational force on Earth • meteor • interstellar cloud • belt • comet • 1 astronomical unit • precession

26. Cloud of gas and dust from which stars and planets are formed • meteor • interstellar cloud • belt • comet • 1 astronomical unit • precession

27. Interplanetary material that burns up and becomes a bright, glowing streak of light in Earth’s atmosphere • meteor • interstellar cloud • belt • comet • 1 astronomical unit • precession

28. Small, icy body made of ice and rock that has a highly eccentric orbit around the Sun • meteor • interstellar cloud • belt • comet • 1 astronomical unit • precession

29. Interstellar clouds are primarily composed of nitrogen and oxygen. • True • False

30. The force of gravity between two objects is determined entirely by their masses. • True • False

31. Mercury’s days and years are more similar in length than Earth’s days and years. • True • False

32. The difference between meteors and meteorites is their size. • True • False

33. The planets in part A of this diagram have more moons than the planets in part B. • True • False

34. Only one of the eight planets in the solar system has all three forms of water on its surface. • True • False

35. The inner planets have greater densities than the outer planets. • True • False

36. If the distance between these objects is doubled, the force of gravity between them will be halved. • True • False

37. Earth is the most tectonically active of the inner planets. • True • False

38. The shaded area of the graph shows the percentage of the total planetary matter in the solar system that is part of Earth’s mass. • True • False

39. All of the planets and their satellites orbit the Sun in the same direction, and all their orbits lie near the same plane. • True • False

40. Nicolaus Copernicus found that in a heliocentric model of the solar system, the inner planets move faster in their orbits than the outer planets, giving the appearance from Earth that some planets move in a retrograde motion. • True • False

41. Isaac Newton determined that each planet does not orbit the Sun but instead orbits a center of mass between it and the Sun. • True • False

42. Mars is the planet most similar to Earth in physical properties, such as diameter, mass, and density. • True • False

43. Mercury has the largest day-night temperature difference of all the planets in the solar system. • True • False

44. In the early 1500s, Tycho Brahe formulated the heliocentric model of the solar system. • True • False

45. Kepler’s first law demonstrates that each planet has an elliptical orbit of unique size and shape with the Sun at one focus. • True • False

46. Galileo’s discovery of Jupiter’s moons proved that not all celestial bodies orbit Earth; therefore, Earth is not necessarily the center of the solar system. • True • False

47. The high concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere of Mars inhibits infrared radiation from escaping and keeps the surface extremely hot. • True • False

48. Asteroids are thought to be leftover planetesimals that never formed planets from the time of the solar system’s formation. • True • False

49. The rapid rotation of Saturn distorts its shape so that the diameter through its equatorial plane is 7 percent larger than the diameter through its poles. • True • False

50. Neptune has clouds and atmospheric belts and zones similar to those of Saturn and Uranus. • True • False