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Origins and Pre-History

Old Testament. Biblical Backgrounds. Origins and Pre-History. © John Stevenson, 2011. Maps by David P. Barrett, used by permission. Nippur Tablet Containing Flood story. Ennuma Elish. “When on high…”. Aspu. Tiamat. Primitive forces & Gods. Tiamat. Marduk. Primitive forces & Gods.

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Origins and Pre-History

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  1. Old Testament Biblical Backgrounds Origins and Pre-History © John Stevenson, 2011 Maps by David P. Barrett, used by permission

  2. Nippur Tablet Containing Flood story

  3. Ennuma Elish “When on high…”

  4. Aspu Tiamat Primitive forces & Gods

  5. Tiamat Marduk Primitive forces & Gods

  6. Kingu Marduk Primitive forces & Gods

  7. World without form & void Similar order & events Seven tablets & seven days of creation Polytheism versus monotheism Confusing of spirit & matter Similarities and Differences with the Creation Account Similarities Differences

  8. Genesis Account The world was unformed and unfilled. Ennuma Elish Light comes from the gods. God brings light into existence. Marduk makes the stars of the zodiac and ordains the year. God sets sun and moon for signs, seasons, days, and years. Tiamat engulfs world in a primal chaos. Marduk makes man from the blood of Kingu. God creates man in His own image and likeness.

  9. Moses is giving to us a refutation of the accepted mythos that was held in antiquity as he goes point by point to show that God is the true Creator of heaven and earth. Genesis Account Ennuma Elish

  10. Atrahasis Epic • Mesopotamian myth containing creation and flood story • Our oldest copy dates to age of Hammurabi • Junior gods begin to complain because their toil is too heavy

  11. Atrahasis Epic • Man is created to take up the slack • Man makes too much noise and flood comes • Wise King Atrahasis warned so that he can build an ark and escape

  12. Genesis The Book of Beginnings

  13. Genesis 12-50 Genesis 1-11 • People Predominant • Abraham • Isaac • Jacob • Joseph Events Predominant Creation Fall Flood Tower of Babel Race as a whole Family of Abraham Over 2000 years 250 years

  14. Genesis 1:1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. • The “who” of creation. • The work of creation. • The “what” of creation.

  15. Genesis 1:1-2 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. And the earth was unformed and unfilled, and darkness was over the surface of the deep; and the Spirit of God was moving over the surface of the waters.

  16. Unformed Unfilled Day 4: Light-bearers (sun, moon, stars) Day 1: Light Day 5: Fish & birds to fill water & sky Day 2: Water & sky divided Day 6: Land animals & man Day 3: Dry land & vegetation Day 7: Sabbath Rest

  17. The Israelite Experience Genesis 1 They had seen God bring light and darkness over Egypt A division of the waters on Day 2 They had passed through the Red Sea Light and darkness are made by God on Day 1 The sun and moon and stars created on Day 4 Egyptians worshiped the sun and moon and stars and had seen the sun darkened in Egypt.

  18. The Israelite Experience Genesis 1 Only the Pharaoh was thought to be in the image of God Man is told to rule over the earth Only the Pharaoh had the right of rulership Man is created in the image of God Man is placed into a beautiful garden Israelites are tempted to return to the meats of Egypt, but Canaan is the new promised Eden.

  19. Why are there two separate accounts of creation?

  20. Genesis 2 Creation of the man and woman (no time element mentioned). Genesis 1 Man in his cosmic setting Man as central to God’s purpose The heavens and the earth are created in six days. Panorama of creation as a whole Detailed focus on one aspect of creation Centers on God creating the heavens and the earth Centers on man as the crowning act of God’s creation

  21. Theories of Creation • Supernatural versus Evolutionary. • A Superficial Appearance of History. • The Gap Theory. • The Day/Age Theory. • The Non-Sequential Theory / Framework Theory.

  22. I personally take the view that Genesis 1 and 2 relate to each other the way Judges 4 and 5 and Exodus 14 and 15 do. In each couplet one chapter describes a historical event and the other is a song or poem about the theological meaning of the event.

  23. When reading Judges 4 it is obvious that it is a sober recounting of what happened in the battle, but when we read Judges 5, Deborah’s Song about the battle, the language is poetic and metaphorical.

  24. When Deborah sings that the stars in the heavens came down to fight for the Israelites, we understand that she means that metaphorically.

  25. I think Genesis 1 has the earmarks of poetry and is therefore a “song” about the wonder and meaning of God’s creation. Genesis 2 is an account of how it happened (The Reason for God, pg 93-94).

  26. Theories of Creation • Supernatural versus Evolutionary. • A Superficial Appearance of History. • The Gap Theory. • The Day/Age Theory. • The Non-Sequential Theory / Framework Theory. • The Literal Interpretation.

  27. …general revelation in creation, as well as the special revelation of Scripture, is also the voice of God. We live in a “universe,” and all truth speaks with one voice (2001:77).

  28. Creation complete: Heavens & earth created; God finished His work (1-3) Man created: Formed from dust (4-9) Trees & Rivers in garden given names (9-14)

  29. Tigris Euphrates CUSH ? Underground River Havilah

  30. TEMPTATION SEAL

  31. The Gilgamesh Epic and the Temptation Account • Gilgamesh, king of Erech • People pray to Anu, the sky god • He fashions Enkidu, a wild man of the forest • Trapper’s son gets prostitute to entice Enkidu • He yields, loses his power, but gains knowledge

  32. God creates Adam and puts him in the garden of Eden Gilgamesh Epic Bible Enkidu is naked in the forest Adam and Eve are naked in the garden Anu creates Enkidu, the wild man of the forest Enkidu is tempted by the prostitute Adam is given the forbidden fruit by Eve Enkidu falls to her charms, loses strength, but gains knowledge Adam sins, his eyes are opened and he is removed from the garden

  33. The Gilgamesh Epic and the Temptation Account • Enkidu and Gilgamesh become friends • Enkidu dies and Gligamesh goes on a quest to find a way to bring him back to life • Gilgamesh is given a plant that will let him live forever • A serpent comes and eats the plant

  34. Creation complete: Heavens & earth created; God finished His work (1-3) Man created: Formed from dust (4-9) Trees & Rivers in garden given names (9-14) Man assigned task of guarding & keeping the garden (15) Forbidden fruit (16-17)

  35. And the LORD God commanded the man, saying, "From any tree of the garden you may eat freely; 17 but from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil you shall not eat, for in the day that you eat from it you shall surely die.“ (Genesis 2:16-17)

  36. Creation complete: Heavens & earth created; God finished His work (1-3) Man created: Formed from dust (4-9) Trees & Rivers in garden given names (9-14) Man assigned task of guarding & keeping the garden (15) Forbidden fruit (16-17) Man in need of a helper: not good to be alone (18) Animals in garden are given names(19-20) Woman created: Formed from rib (21-24) Creation complete: Man & woman naked & unashamed in presence of God (25)

  37. When the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was a delight to the eyes, and that the tree was desirable to make one wise, she took from its fruit and ate; and she gave also to her husband with her, and he ate. (Genesis 3:6)

  38. What are the results from their actions of taking and eating the forbidden fruit?

  39. And I will put enmity between you and the woman, and between your seed and her seed; He shall bruise you on the head, and you shall bruise him on the heel. (Genesis 3:15)

  40. Seed of the Serpent Seed of the Woman Cain & Abel How is the Cain & Abel narrative related to the larger story of Genesis?

  41. Seed of the Serpent Seed of the Woman Cain Abel And Adam had relations with his wife again; and she gave birth to a son, and named him Seth, for, she said, "God has appointed me another offspring in place of Abel; for Cain killed him." (Genesis 4:25). Lamech Literally, “another SEED”

  42. Seed of the Serpent Seed of the Woman Cain Abel & Seth Enoch Lamech Noah Ham Shem Canaan Abraham

  43. The Flood

  44. Earliest Civilization • Cities • Polygamy • Nomadic Herdsmen • Musical Instruments • Bronze & Iron

  45. Genesis 6:1-2 Now it came about, when men began to multiply on the face of the land, and daughters were born to them, 2 that the sons of God saw that the daughters of men were beautiful; and they took wives for themselves, whomever they chose.

  46. Genesis 6:3 Then the LORD said, “My Spirit shall not strive with man forever, because he also is flesh; nevertheless his days shall be one hundred and twenty years.”

  47. Genesis 6:4 The Nephilim were on the earth in those days, and also afterward, when the sons of God came in to the daughters of men, and they bore children to them. Those were the mighty men who were of old, men of renown.

  48. Sons of God refer toAngels • Septuagint supports this interpretation • Sons of God are angels in Job • Angels in heaven do not marry, but these angels were not in heaven • The resulting offspring produced giants • Supported in Apocryphal book of Enoch as well as in Jude 6.

  49. Sons of God refer toDescendants of Seth • Preceding chapters set forth contrast of two lines • Men began to call on the name of the Lord • It is mankind that is punished in the flood • Sonship is a common theme in the Old Testament • Marriage of godly seed to ungodly people is a common theme in Genesis

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