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Westward Expansion and Manifest Destiny

CH. 9 Sec. 1. Westward Expansion and Manifest Destiny. Character of America in mid-1800s. “While Europe looked to its past with pride, America looked to its future .” 1. Always moving, always doing. 2. American Prudeness 3. Strong belief in economic and social mobility – Democratic process

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Westward Expansion and Manifest Destiny

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  1. CH. 9 Sec. 1 Westward Expansion and Manifest Destiny

  2. Character of America in mid-1800s • “While Europe looked to its past with pride, America looked to its future.” • 1. Always moving, always doing. • 2. American Prudeness • 3. Strong belief in economic and social mobility – Democratic process • 4. Boastful, risk-takers • 5. Above all—

  3. Character of America in mid-1800s • Population— • Doubled every 23 years. Why? • 1. • 2. • 3. • America was slowly but surly becoming a nativist, xenophobic society.

  4. Americans Head West • In 1800, less the 400,000 settlers lived West of the Appalachian mountains. • Americans began moving further west for… • Religious reasons • Purchase land • Seek richer soil for their crops

  5. Manifest Destiny • Magazine editor John O’Sullivan- • Manifest Destiny was the nebulous feeling that the United States had the God-given right to “overspread” the continent - that God intended for the U.S. to capture as much territory as possible. • Why?

  6. Americans Head West • First settlers called squatters. • Did not own the land they resided on, just made it their home.

  7. Americans Head West • New technology that made farming easier prompted many people to move west. • 1819-Jethro Wood- Patented a plow with an iron blade. • 1837-John Deere- Designed a plow with a sharp steel blade to cut through hard soil. • 1834-Cyrus McCormick-Patented mechanical reaper.

  8. Oregon • Originally claimed by US, GB, Spain, and Russia. • 1. Spain had ceded their claims in the Adams-Onis Treaty • 2. Russia had given up claims south of 54-40 in the 1820s • 3. British claims were based on Drake and the operation of the Hudson Bay Company • US interest peaked after Lewis and Clark

  9. Oregon • Americans begin flooding into Oregon and California: • 1. Missionaries • 2. Gold miners • 3. Pioneers • Mountain men: Kit Carson and Jim Bridger began trading furs and interacting with the Native Americans. • Carved out passages to the west—Oregon Trail

  10. Oregon Trail • As trails became worn, more regular people began making the trip on their own. • Overlanders- Used guide books to make the trip. • Wasn’t easy. Trip took 5-6 months. • Donner Party- trapped by winter snows in the Sierra Nevada. Resorted to cannibalism to survive. • 1845: 5,000 US residents in Oregon. • British claim to the area weakened.

  11. Oregon • US residents in Oregon had success in dealing with Native Americans. • 1851- Treaty of Fort Laramie • Gave Sioux guaranteed hunting rights and protected reservations.

  12. Mormon Migration • In 1844 a mob murdered the Mormon leader Joseph Smith. • Brigham Young, the new leader of the Mormons, decided to take his people west in search of religious freedom. • Several thousand Mormons emigrated on the Mormon Trail. • Settled on the Great Salt Lake in Utah.

  13. Election of 1840 • “The jolliest and most idiotic presidential contest in our history” • Democrats re-nominate Van Buren. • Whigs nominate William Henry Harrison. • John Tyler runs as his VP. • Military hero. • No platform. • Ignore all issues. • “Tippecanoe and Tyler too”

  14. Election of 1840 • Harrison wins big: 234-60 • Coldest inauguration day in history. • Harrison spoke for 1 hr. 40 mins w/o a hat or coat. • Developed pneumonia. • Doctors tried to save him: • “After blistering and cupping him (another term for bleeding), they administered violent emetics (induced vomiting), and cathartics (designed to clean out the bowels); then switched to opium, camphor, and brandy; finally in desperation, they administered Indian medicine man's remedies such as crude petroleum and snakeweed. These finished him - Tecumseh’s revenge perhaps.” • Dies 1 month after taking office.

  15. Tyler’s Presidency • Tyler becomes president, is a Whig, but is anti-Whig as president. • 1. Opposes chartering a new bank. • After he vetos it, his entire cabinet resigns. • Tyler is driven to the Democrats. • 2. Favors the annexation of Texas.

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