Presentation Transcript

1. Westward Expansion & Manifest Destiny

   Will a growing nation lead to greater Nationalism or increased Sectionalism?
2. Back under President Monroe… John Quincy Adams (Secretary of State) made national security & expansion top priorities Remember the Monroe Doctrine! Rush-Bagot Treaty : limited ships in Great Lakes Adams-Onís Treaty (1819) Spain gives Florida to the United States Establishes new border between U.S. and Spanish Territory
3. Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)
4. As we expand… As the United States continues to grow and new states / territories are added slavery will become a major issue & conflict Why? Balance of power Until 1818, the U.S. had been equally divided as 10 free states and 10 slave states Illinois admitted as free state in 1818
5. The Issue of Missouri After Illinois becomes is admitted as free state, most expect Missouri to follow as a slave state Original statehood bill proposed that Missouri be a slave state but must gradually free it’s slaves Passes the House, but fails Senate What now? Henry Clay and others work to resolve the issue Reach a compromise
6. Missouri Compromise (1820) Missouri admitted as slave state Maine admitted as free state Dividing line created for the rest of Louisiana Territory 36°30’ N Parallel line “Missouri Compromise Line” States north of line = free States south of line = slave Missouri is an exception
7. Missouri Compromise Line
8. Take a moment to color ALLfreestates / territories one color; and ALLslavestates / territories another color
9. Major Trails The settlers needed routes to travel Many of these were formed along traditional Native American trade routes and trails Oregon Trail Made well-known after missionaries traveled all the way to Oregon Independence, Missouri to Portland, Oregon Santa Fe Trail Stretched from Independence, Missouri to SanteFe, NewMexico 780 miles Much of the stretch was dangerous (Native American attacks, weather, drought, terrain)
10. Label the Sante Fe Trail and OregonTrail on your maps. Glue the two wagons on the trails!
11. Western Settlers Even before government action created new territories & states, many Americans left their homes and headed west Why might they want to settle the west? Seemed adventurous! New opportunities Exploration Avoid creditors or the law Religious persectution
12. The Mormon Migration Migrated along the Oregon Trail First established in New York by JosephSmith Faced persecution in New York, Illinois, & Missouri Smith eventually murdered by angry mobs New leader Brigham Young Moves followers out of U.S. territory and settle in Salt Lake City, Utah
13. Paste your Mormon Temple here.
14. Speaking of Oregon… The Oregon Territory (not a state yet) was a point of conflict for U.S. and Britain Britain also claimed parts of Maine and Minnesota in the 1840s Webster-Ashburton Treaty (1842) takes care of Maine and Minnesota Continued a “joint occupation” of Oregon James Polk during 1844 election adopts slogan “Fifty-Four Forty or Fight!” Wanted to annex all of Oregon Nations eventually agree to new boundaries
15. Write “Fifty-Five Forty or Fight” in Oregon on your map
16. Mission System Before Mexican independence in 1821, Native Americans & settlers often encountered “Mexican” populations as a result of Spanish Missions Missions were locations/churches set up by the Spanish crown in order to convert people to Catholicism Missions decline after Mexico’s independence
17. Impact of Independence After Mexican independence: Many Native Americans forced in to labor or they fled Trade opportunities between Mexico and United States Northern provinces (present day Arizona, New Mexico, California, Texas) Mexico found that it was hard to control and protect such a large, spread out piece of land Native American attacks Mexico invited U.S. settlers
18. Land Grants Mexico’s government offered landgrants (give them land!) to empesarios Empesarios then would attract other American settlers to the land American (Anglo) population soon outnumbered the tejanopopulation Tejano = Mexicans living in Texas
19. Stephen F. Austin StephenF. Austin would become one of the most well known empesarios Offered land to over 300 families, each receiving 177 acres of farmland OR 4,000 acres of ranchland Given this success, Presidents JohnQuincyAdams and AndrewJackson both tried to purchase Texas By 1936, Texas population was 3,500 Tejanos 12,000 Native Americans 45,000 Anglo Americans 5,000 African Americans So what exactly “is” Texas now?
20. Calls for Independence Austin had been advocating for greater self-government in Texas Imprisoned on return home from Mexican capital by Mexican President Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna Several rebellions erupted Santa Anna marches troops to San Antonio in an effort to force Texas back under Mexican control In 1835, Texans attack Mexican troops at the Alamo
21. “Remember the Alamo” In response to his forces being driven from the Alamo, SantaAnna attacks Americans at the Alamo and kills many SamHouston, an American “Texan,” leads the Texans in their eventual defeat of Mexico in the BattleofSanJacinto Shoutsof “Remember the Alamo” September 1836, SamHouston becomes president of RepublicofTexas Becomes a state in 1845
22. Post-Jackson Presidents After Andrew Jackson’s two terms, the Democrats chose his VP MartinVanBuren to run in the 1836Election Wins easily Under Van Buren, the nation faced the Panicof1837 Result of Jackson’s “petbanks” and financial policy
23. Post-Jackson Presidents Election of 1840 VanBuren runs against WilliamHenryHarrison (Whig) Harrison dies just 1 MONTH after he takes office! VP JohnTyler takes over Less of a Whig than Harrison
24. Age of Technology As a result of the Industrial Revolution, we see a continuing growth of technology during this period Going to benefit our economy AND spur expansion
25. Fulton Steamboat 1807, RobertFulton’sClermont made 150-mile trip on Hudson River from New York City to Albany Begins the steamboat era Steamboats cut travel time for passengers and goods Better for heavy goods like copper and iron Increase in canal building 1816 = 100 miles 1841 = more than 3,300 miles ErieCanal
26. Telegraph In 1837, SamuelMorse creates first electromagnetic telegraph Could send messages 10 miles through copper wires Went to congress to ask for funding Congress wants Morse to create 40-mile telegraph between Baltimore and Washington DC In 1844 he sends his first message on this wire “What hath God wrought?”
27. I.M. Singer American entrepreneur and inventor Had numerous inventions but most know for his improvements to the sewingmachine Original patent belonged to Elias Howe Singer added the footpedal Become more popular than any other sewing machine Easier to use More efficient Could be bought on credit!
28. Galvanized Rubber CharlesGoodyear Develops galvanizedrubber process Stronger and more reliable than natural, untreated rubber Used to freeze & melt! Originally used for boots In 1900s it will obviously help with tires
29. Farm Equipment People were moving to the Midwest for the fertile soil Land needed to be cleared, trees cut down, etc. in order to make it ready for crops John Deere (1837) Invented first steel plow Cut through land easier, with less animal power Cyrus McCormick Mechanical reaper
30. Polk Pushes War PresidentPolk comes to office in 1844 Believes that only way to settle continuedtension with Mexico is through war Annexation of Texas made tensions worse Sectionalism meant different views of war Abolitionists and many northernersopposed expansion and the war Southernersfavored expansion in order to expand slavery
31. War Begins Mexican American War begins when GeneralZacharyTaylor leads U.S. troops to the Rio Grande river Mexico views as violation of their rights and sends troops across the river 9 Americans killed Polk then uses this to convince Congress of the need for war Who “started” it?
32. Not Just Texas! Polk has plans to capture more than just Texas during this war Kearny marches to NewMexico, falls without a single shot fired RepublicofCalifornia Polk once again offers to buy California Instead, group of American settlers led by JohnC. Fremont take control of town of Sonoma Declare independence from Mexico
33. Treaty of Guadalupe Hildago War ends with the TreatyofGuadalupeHidalgo Sets the Rio Grande as border between U.S. – Mexico Still today U.S. agrees to pay $15 for land that will include Texas California Nevada New Mexico Utah Arizona Parts of Colorado and Wyoming
34. Gadsen Purchase (1853) 5 years later, United States “completes the set” and acquires remaining land of present-day Southwest GadsenPurchase Establishes current borders