China’s Drive for Modernization - Chapter 29:iii -

1. China’s Drive for Modernization- Chapter 29:iii -

2. At the end of the nineteenth-century, European nations were in conflict over who should have influence over parts of China. [Image source: http://collect.at/wordpress/?tag=boxer-rebellion]

3. [Image source: http://img32.imageshack.us/img32/8320/map3a.jpg]

4. Overseas Chinese formed the Tongmenghui, aka Chinese Revolutionary Alliance, to foment rebellion at home. [Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sun_Yat_Sen_together_with_the_members_of_the_Singapore_Branch_of_Tongmen_Hui.png]

5. In 1911, China had a brief revolution that toppled the Manchu (Qing) Dynasty. [Image source: http://www.jamiiforums.com/jamii-photos/273883-death-faces-execution-2.html]

6. Before there was colour films, hand-tinted postcards of exotic locales were a popular form of communication. [Image source: http://image0-rubylane.s3.amazonaws.com/shops/curioshop/col-7756.1L.jpg?15]

7. [Image source: http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2408/5814601065_d06a6ff3db_z.jpg]

8. China established a republic in January 1912. [Image source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Chinese_republic_forever.jpg]

9. Dr. Sun Yat-sen emerged as the leader of the nascent Republic of China. [Image source: http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/images/sun_y.jpg]

10. What is the message of this political cartoon? [Image source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Republic_of_China_Flags.jpg]

11. The Kuomintang (Chinese National Peoples’ Party, or KMT) emerged asthe dominant party in the new republic.

12. Shortly before he died, former Manchu (Qing) General Yuan Shikai (Shigai) attempted to establish a new dynasty to rule China.

13. With a weakened central authority, regional warlords ruled small, semi-independent countries. [Image source: http://m3.i.pbase.com/o3/28/540728/1/89933333.Wx1HAlma.PH014_4042.jpg]

14. Feng Yu-xiangwas known as the Christian General, for his zeal to convert his troops, and as the Betrayal General, for his penchant for switching sides. [Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Feng_Yuxiang2.jpg]

15. In 1919, the victorious allies gave Shandong Province to Japan.

16. What are the strategic advantages to Japan for controlling Shandong Province? [Image source: http://making-history.com/asset/384091]

17. May 4th Movement [Image source: http://history.cultural-china.com/en/34History7223.html]

18. May 4th Resolutions • To oppose the granting of Shandong to the Japanese under former German concessions. • To draw awareness of China's precarious position to the masses in China. • To recommend a large-scale gathering in Beijing. • To promote the creation of a Beijing student union. • To hold a demonstration that afternoon in protest to the terms of the Treaty of Versailles.

19. By the 1920s, China was a patchwork-quilt of semi-autonomous territories. [Image source: http://althistory.wikia.com/wiki/File:Warlord_Era_1905_Map.png]

20. Chinese warlords ruled-over their fiefdoms with private armies equipped with Western weapons. [Image source: http://img266.imageshack.us/img266/6209/wupeifusoldierstrainingpy7.jpg]

21. What do you notice about this unit? [Image source: http://www.informationwar.org/warsxgallery/china-civilwar20sand30s01.jpg]

22. Chiang Kai-shek (Jiang Gaishek), a protégé of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, became the dominant personality within the KMT.

23. Under Jiang, the KMT and Communist parties launched the Northern Expedition in 1926 to re-unify China. [Image source: http://www.tecumseh.150m.com/Warlords/NorthernExpedition.jpg]

24. The allied forces co-operated until they reached the city of Shanghai. [Image source: http://www.cityofart.net/bship/central_troops_1927.jpg]

25. In April 1927, Chiang Kai-shek attempted topurge the Northern Expedition of Communists. [Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Communist_purge.jpg]

26. Nanjing became the capital of China. This is actually a postcard of Shanghai. [Image source: http://blog.asianart.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/EX037A.jpg]

27. The Bund along the Shanghai riverfront. [Image source: http://wallpaperswide.com/shanghai_1930-wallpapers.html]

28. Living conditions for most Chinese peasants were little-changed over centuries. [Image source: http://chinadigitaltimes.net/wp-content/uploads/mt-old/_002plough.jpg]

29. A young Mao Zedong encouraged fellow communists to organize soviets among the peasants in rural areas. [Image source: http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/01492/mao1937_1492414i.jpg]

30. Mao successfully organized the peasants in Jiangsu Province.

31. The Communists gained popular support from rural peasants through a program of land redistribution. [Image source: http://www.indiana.edu/~e232/LandReform.jpg]

32. Before long, the Red Armyhad 30,000 peasant troops. [Image source: http://images.china.cn/attachement/jpg/site1007/20121106/00016c8b5de01203250d10.jpg]

33. “The enemy advances, we retreat; the enemy camps, we harass; the enemy tires, we attack; the enemy retreats,we pursue.” • [Image source: http://images1.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb20110215023309/deadliestfiction/images/8/80/Chinese_communist_forces.jpg]

34. General Jiang Kai-shek launched a number of “extermination campaigns” to destroy the Communists. [Image source: http://www.thewartourist.com/files/asia/eastasia/china/Kuomintang_in_German_uniforms.jpg]

35. The Long March [Image source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/Chinese_civil_war_map_03.jpg]

36. Battles were fought almost every day, as the Chinese Communists attempted to flee from Nationalist forces. [Image source: http://history.cultural-china.com/chinaWH/upload/upfiles/2010-01/20/long_march__a_significant_episode_in_the_history_of_the_cpc70b9c6e1e565c098fa55.jpg]

37. A myth developed that presented Mao Zedong as a great military leader, following the trek to Yan’an. [Image source: http://ocw.nd.edu/political-science/the-rise-and-fall-of-world-communism/images-1/maolongmarch.jpg]

38. Heroic feats of valour were immortalized in art and music. [Image source: http://bhoffert.faculty.noctrl.edu/HST265/LongMarch.LudingBridge.jpg]

39. What thoughts or emotions does this image evoke? [Image source: http://www.metroretrofurniture.com/images/art/ae05framedart08.jpg]

40. Mao left Jiangsu with 100,000 men, and arrived at Xian with 8,000. [Image source: http://www.kingsacademy.com/mhodges/03_The-World-since-1900/06_Dictatorship/pictures/ELS-132_map_China-dismembered_1930s.jpg]

41. Mao Zedong emerged from the Long March as leader of the Chinese Communists. [Image source: http://history.cultural-china.com/chinaWH/upload/upfiles/2010-09/02/more_info9c86e7c129bf608c883d.jpg]

42. [Image source: http://chineseposters.net/images/d29-715.jpg]

44. What is the message of this poster, published during World War II? [Image source: http://images.fineartamerica.com/images-medium-large/we-salute-the-chinese-republic-war-is-hell-store.jpg]

45. Campaign to Suppress Counter-revolutionariespropaganda poster (1951). [Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Suppress_counterrevolutionaries(1951).jpg]

46. [Image source: http://www.theepochtimes.com/n2/images/stories/large/2011/06/24/internet_censorship_in_china_608335.jpg]