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United States Government

United States Government. What is Government?. The organization people set up to protect the community and enforce its rules. Powers of Government. Legislative: Power to make laws Executive: Power to carry out laws Judicial: Power to interpret laws. What is a Law?.

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United States Government

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  1. United States Government

  2. What is Government? • The organization people set up to protect the community and enforce its rules

  3. Powers of Government • Legislative: Power to make laws • Executive: Power to carry out laws • Judicial: Power to interpret laws

  4. What is a Law? • Official rules and regulations, generally found in the constitution • Used to govern a society and control the behavior of its members

  5. Kinds of Government • Monarchy: kings and queens are rulers • King George III • Dictatorship: government with one ruler • Cuba • Democracy: people have power • U.S. Government

  6. Democracy • Political system • Rule by the people • People have basic freedom • Representative Democracy

  7. The Mayflower Compact • Mayflower carried Pilgrims from England to Massachusetts • Before they left the ship, the passengers wrote a document called the Mayflower Compact • Promised to pass only laws that were fair to everyone and good for the whole community

  8. The Declaration of Independence • British raised colonists taxes • Colonist protested • Fighting began • Committee chosen to write the document • Benjamin Franklin • John Adams • Thomas Jefferson

  9. Laid the foundation for the nation’s future system of government • Approved on July 4, 1776 • 56 people signed • John Hancock signed first

  10. Articles of Confederation • First Constitution of the United States • Adopted November 15, 1777 • A preamble and 13 articles • State governments had most of the power • Little power given to the central government

  11. The Constitution of the United States • Document that tells basic rules and explain rights of a US citizen • Written 200 years ago • Written to unite all the 13 colonies

  12. Constitution • 57 men helped write it in 1787 • Ratified by the states in 1788 • It has 7 sections called Articles telling how the government works

  13. Three Separate Branches • Each branch has power to check the others • Legislative: Power to make laws • Executive: Power to carry out laws • Judicial: Power to interpret laws

  14. The Bill of Rights • First 10 amendments • It guaranteed certain freedoms and rights • Added after the Constitution • Freedom of Speech • Freedom of Religion • Freedom to Assemble

  15. Amendments • Amendments change the Constitution • 2/3 of both the Senate and House of Representative must approve • 3/4 of all states must approve

  16. Federal Government • Federal government deals with matters that affect the whole country • Defense • Transportation • Postal Delivery • Federal Taxes

  17. Federal GovernmentExecutive Branch • Executive Branch carries out national laws • The President is head of the Executive Branch • Commander in Chief of nation’s army • Elected to a four year term • Approves the laws that congress makes • Proposed national budget • Can veto a bill

  18. Federal GovernmentLegislative Branch • Legislative branch makes laws for the nation • Two parts of the Legislative Branch • U.S. Senate • U.S. House of Representatives

  19. Federal GovernmentLegislative Branch • Senate • Each state has 2 • Senators must live in the state they represent • 30 years or older • Citizen of the U.S. for 9 years • Elected to 6 year term House of Representative • Number according to size of state’s population • Representative must live in the state they represent • 25 years or older • US Citizen for 7 years • Elected to 2 year term

  20. Federal Government Judicial Branch • Judicial Branch interprets and applies national laws • Make up of the court system • Highest is the Supreme Court- appointed for life terms • Lowest levels are Justice of Peace • Gets its powers from Article III of the Constitution

  21. State Government • State Government deals with matters within their own state • Schools • State Roads • State Taxes • State Police

  22. State GovernmentExecutive Branch • Headed by the governor • Elected to 4 year term • Carries out laws of the state • Proposes state budget • Commander of the state militia • Can veto bills

  23. State GovernmentLegislative Branch • Makes state laws • New York Senate has 61 members - 4 year terms • New York assembly has 150 - 2 year terms • Chief Officer assembly speaker • Legislature convenes in January

  24. State GovernmentJudicial Branch • Interprets and applies state laws • New York Court of Appeals - appointed for 14 years • State Supreme Court - elected for a 14 year term

  25. Other Kinds of Government • County Government • City Government • controls an area with large population • Town Government • Village Government The People

  26. Establish local fire departments Purpose of State & Local Governments Build Roads Provide Public Service Protect the Safety of their Citizens Sanitation facilities Patrol state highways Promote the Well Being of their Citizens Provide a System of Justice Provide state funds for schools Maintain state prison system Protect the Rights of Individuals Pass local fair housing laws

  27. What is a Citizen? • Two kinds of citizens • Native-born citizens • Born here • Children of American citizens born while visiting other countries • Naturalized citizens • Have to be at least 18 • From other countries • Lived here 5 years to qualify • 3 years if they’re married to an American citizen

  28. Citizen’s Rights • Countries protect their citizens and give them rights • Naturalized and Native-born citizens have the same rights, except one • Naturalized citizens can’t run for president • Citizens can vote • Freedom of Religion • Freedom of Speech • Freedom of the Press

  29. Citizen’s Responsibilities • Duty to obey the law • Vote in elections • To pay taxes • If the country is at war, citizens may be called to serve in the armed forces • Serve on a jury if called

  30. Patrick Henry • Born May 29, 1736 in Hanover County, Va. • Storekeeper and farmer • Member of the revolutionary convention of Va. • Died on June 6, 1799 • “Give me Liberty or Give me Death”

  31. Thomas Jefferson • Third President of the United States in 1801-1809 • Member of the second Continental Congress • Drafted the Declaration of Independence in 1776 • Politician, Educator and an Architect

  32. Alexander Hamilton • Helped secure New York's ratification of the Constitution • First Secretary of the Treasury • Shot and killed in a duel with former U.S. vice-president Aaron Burr, a long-time political rival

  33. John Jay • Continental Congress • Commissioner Treaty of Paris Continental Congress 1774-1775 • First Chief Justice of the Supreme Court • Helped negotiate peace with Great Britain • Governor of N.Y.

  34. Thomas Paine • Wrote Common Sense, which called for American independence from Great Britain • Born in Thetford, England • 1774-Moved to Philadelphia • Influenced fighters in the Revolutionary War • Buried in New Rochelle, NY

  35. George Washington • Born February 22, 1732 • General in the French and Indian War • General in Revolutionary War • President of the Constitutional Convention • First President of the United States

  36. Sam Adams • Adams was born in Boston on September 27, 1722. • After college was a success law student. • Adams was a delegate to the Second Continental Congress • also subsequently

  37. James Madison • From Virginia • Founding Father • Wrote Bill of Rights • Signed the Constitution • Married Dolly Madison • Congressman • 4th President of the United States

  38. Francis Scott Key • Watched the bombardment of Fort McHenry, in Baltimore Harbor by the British in September 1814 • The fort withstood the attack, and the sight of the American flag at dawn inspired Key's verses, set to a popular English drinking tune

  39. National Anthem • “O say can you see...” • Hymn of loyalty to our country • Designation as national anthem by executive order in 1916 was confirmed by an act of Congress in 1931 • Written by Francis Scott Key, a Washington D.C. lawyer

  40. American Flag • Symbol of our nation • Original had 13 alternating red & white stripes and 13 stars-one for each colony • Now one star for each state (50) • Legend is that Betsy Ross sewed 1st flag for George Washington

  41. Pledge of Allegiance • I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America and to the republic for which it stands: one nation, under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.

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