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Voyagers (1970s)

Voyagers (1970s). 1800 lbs, dish >12 ft diameter data rates ~115,000 bits/sec (twice dial-up!) Radioisotope Power Generators. Moons. (Covered in the video…). Io. Europa. Ganymede. Callisto. Galileo Mission (1989-2003). First detection of ammonia in the clouds of Jupiter

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Voyagers (1970s)

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  1. Voyagers (1970s) • 1800 lbs, dish >12 ft diameter • data rates ~115,000 bits/sec (twice dial-up!) • Radioisotope Power Generators

  2. Moons (Covered in the video…) Io Europa Ganymede Callisto

  3. Galileo Mission (1989-2003) • First detection of ammonia in the clouds of Jupiter • Imaged impact by comet Shoemaker-Levy in 1994 • Found it likely that there is a 100-km deep ocean under the ice of Europa • Studied thunderstorms • On the way, discovered asteroid Ida has a moon

  4. Saturn Now: In retrograde, rises in ENE at about 10pm and is 60 degrees up at dawn [Fall 2005]

  5. Rings • Within Roche Limit (3 body problem…) • < 2km thick • dust to boulders+

  6. Cassini / Huygens (1997 - ?) Cassini still orbiting Saturn, Huygens probe landed on its moon, Titan, last January Many discoveries, nicely listed in this top-10 list

  7. …Huygens probe will be dropped onto Titan • What will happen? • Science News Article, posted

  8. Uranus • In Aquarius, magnitude 5.7

  9. “Rotisserie” spin during 84-yr orbit Close to here now 1985

  10. Moons

  11. Neptune 8th magnitude, in Capricornus

  12. Looks essentially stellar

  13. Neptune’s Moons • Giant Triton orbits retrograde, spiraling toward Roche’s limit in 10 – 100 million years • Nereid smaller with prograde but very eccentric orbit

  14. Pluto • Very faint (15th magnitude) • discovered with 13-inch telescope using at Lowell by Clyde Tombaugh, by examining plates with a blink comparator • Orbit within Neptune’s at times (’80-99)

  15. Pluto and Charon • One synchronous satellite, discovered in 1978

  16. Two new moons found with HST

  17. New Horizons Mission • Launch January, 2006 • Swing by Jupiter in 2007 • Pass by Pluto/Charon 2015, ASAP, before atmosphere freezes out. • Kuiper belt by 2026

  18. Farther out: Short-period comets come from the Kuiper belt • P<200 years • Extends from Neptune’s orbit out to about 1000 AU • Short-period comets are KB objects perturbed toward the sun by the giant planets.

  19. Farther out: Oort Cloud In 1950 Jan Oort noticed that: • no comet has been observed with an orbit that indicates that it came from interstellar space, • there is a strong tendency for aphelia of long period comet orbits to lie at a distance of about 50,000 AU, and • there is no preferential direction from which comets come. • Thus….

  20. Long-period Comets perturbed in from Oort Cloud Speaking of comets…

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