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The 1970s

The 1970s. Chapter 23 and 24 . Women’s Rights Movement. Feminism of the 1960s and early 1970s To challenge the cult of domesticity. National Organization for Women (NOW-1966) Goals: to end job discrimination, legalize abortion, obtain federal and state support for child-care center.

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The 1970s

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  1. The 1970s Chapter 23 and 24

  2. Women’s Rights Movement • Feminism of the 1960s and early 1970s • To challenge the cult of domesticity. • National Organization for Women (NOW-1966) • Goals: to end job discrimination, legalize abortion, obtain federal and state support for child-care center. • Title IX of the Educational Amendments Act of 1972 • Support for the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) (1972) • Roe v. Wade (1973) • Legalized abortion • Becomes more radical by late 1970s. • Divisions between moderate and radical feminists. • Gloria Steinham attacks men and homemakers; alienates most women: public backlash and “right to life”

  3. Gerald Ford • Ford inherited a presidential office badly diminished by the Watergate scandals. • As the first unelected president, he had no popular mandate and was not well known outside of Washington. • Yet his easy manner and modest approach to government helped restore at least some degree of confidence in the office of president.

  4. Ford’s Domestic Agenda • Social and Fiscal Conservative • Believed the federal government exercised too much power over domestic affairs. • Resisted congressional pressure to reduce taxes and increase Federal spending. • Along with an energy crisis, this helped plunge the economy into a deep recession.

  5. Ford’s Foreign Policy: Extending Détente • SALT II • Ford met with Brezhnev in 1974 and accepted the framework for another arms-control agreement that was to serve as the basis for SALT II. • Helsinki Summit • Ford and Brezhnev met in Finland in August 1975 with other European leaders. • Agreed to recognize the political boundaries that had divided Eastern and Western Europe since 1945.

  6. 1976 Election • Jimmy Carter (Democrat) • Peanut farmer &1 term governor of Georgia • Washington outsider • Gerald Ford (Republican) • Nixon pardon • Recession • Carter narrowly with 50.1% of popular vote • Carried 90% of black voters • Looked to bring a new simplicity and directness to the White House.

  7. Jimmy Carter • Carter and his staff had very little experience in Washington and did not know how to push forward an agenda. • Could not maneuver his proposals through Congress.

  8. Criticism Builds at Home • Offered amnesty to the thousands of young men who had fled the country rather than serve in Vietnam. • Negotiated a treaty to turn over the Panama Canal Zone by 1999. • The Economy • Inherited a bad economy and left it much worse. • Stagflation – double digit inflation and increased unemployment. • Problems with the Oil Supply

  9. Problems with Oil Supply • Yom Kippur War (1973) • Syria and Egypt launched a surprise attack against Israel • Soviet Union supplied the Arabs and the U.S. supplied the Israeli allies • The seven Arab members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) imposed a boycott of oil sales to countries seen as friendly to Israel. (October 1973 to March 1974)

  10. Fighting Inflation • OPEC continued to raise prices. • Energy costs rose • Inflation rose • Interest rates shot to 20%. • Carter called only for voluntary restraints on prices and wages and conservation of energy.

  11. Problems with Oil Supply • Motorists were forced to wait in long lines for limited supplies of gasoline that they regarded as excessively expensive. • Many Americans saw nuclear energy as the only alternative. • Three Mile Island (1979) • Nuclear power plant in Pennsylvania ruptured and released radioactive gas. 100,000 people fled their homes. • Carter’s approval rating dropped to 26%. • Lower than Nixon’s during Watergate

  12. Camp David Accords • In 1978, Carter invited Egypt’s President Anwar el-Sadat and Israel’s Prime Minister Menachem Begin to Camp David. • Peace Agreement • Israel would return the Sinai to Egypt in exchange for recognition. • Israel had to negotiate a resolution of the Palestinian refugee dilemma. (Never happened) • Made an all-out war between Israel and the Arab world less likely.

  13. Mounting Troubles • SALT II signed in 1979. • The Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in 1979. • Iran Hostage Crisis (1979-80) • Ayatollah Khomeini ousts Shaw of Iran in 1979. • Carter allowed the ousted Shaw to come to U.S. • Radicals captured U.S. embassy to trade for Shaw and wealth. • U.S. rescue mission ended with fatal helicopter crash. • 53 Americans were held hostage until the day Reagan took office. (444 days) • Carter finally released several billion dollars of Iranian assets to ransom the kidnapped hostages.

  14. End of Postwar Liberalism • Carter’s failure was largely symbolic. The uneasiness of the late 1970s reflected a widespread disillusionment with liberal social programs. • Americans lose faith in government • Vietnam puts into question the containment doctrine • Government could not manage the economy • Decline in race relations

  15. Triumph of Conservatism • By 1980 rising prices, energy shortages, and similar economic uncertainties fed a growing resistance to a liberal agenda. • Hard-pressed workers resented increased competition from minorities, especially those supported by affirmative action quotas and government programs. • Citizens resisted the demands for higher taxes to support social welfare spending.

  16. Triumph of Conservatism:The Moral Majority • A major revival of evangelical religion in late 1970s. • The traditional family seemed under siege, as divorce rates and births to single mothers soared. • Sexually explicit media, an outspoken gay rights movement, and the availability of legal abortions struck many religious conservatives as part of a wholesale assault on decency. • Increasingly the political agenda was determined by those who wanted to restore a strong family, traditional religious values, patriotism, and limited government.

  17. Triumph of Conservatism: Ronald Reagan • Unleash the capitalist spirit. (limited government) • Dismantle the “bloated” federal bureaucracy. • Reduce taxes and regulations. • Undo the welfare state. • Restore national pride and regain international respect. • Increase military spending. • Outlaw abortions and reinstitute school prayer. • Emphasis is on what is right instead of what’s wrong – patriotism and religion.

  18. The Election of 1980:The Reagan Revolution

  19. Significant Events 1962 Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring published 1966 National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act  1969 Apollo 11 moon mission  1970 First Earth Day, EPA created  1971 Nixon adopts wage and price controls Pentagon Paper published  1972 Woodward and Bernstein investigate Watergate burglary  1973 Saturday Night Massacre  1974 United States v. Nixon Nixon resigns  1975 New York City faces bankruptcy  1978 Revolution in Iran

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