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Management Concerns Regarding Old World Climbing Fern ( Lygodium microphyllum )

Management Concerns Regarding Old World Climbing Fern ( Lygodium microphyllum ). Jeff Hutchinson and Ken Langeland U.F. Agronomy Dept. Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants. SWSS 2008. Introduction. First Recorded in Palm Beach Co. (1958) Covered > 123,000 acres within 48 years

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Management Concerns Regarding Old World Climbing Fern ( Lygodium microphyllum )

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  1. Management Concerns Regarding Old World Climbing Fern (Lygodium microphyllum) Jeff Hutchinson and Ken Langeland U.F. Agronomy Dept. Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants SWSS 2008

  2. Introduction • First Recorded in Palm Beach Co. (1958) • Covered > 123,000 acres within 48 years • Spreads by wind blown spores • Exhibits indeterminate growth (growing horizontally and vertically) • Out-competes and smoothers native vegetation • Highly pyrogenic, altering fire regimes inwetlands

  3. Old World Climbing Fern 2005 Distribution Based on aerial surveys (Ferriter and Pernas, 2005)

  4. "Pops" up in very isolated natural areas A.R.M. Loxahatchee NWR Palm Beach County

  5. Everglades National Park Monroe County

  6. Infestation being treated

  7. 95% Coverage (Pre-treatment) • 0% Coverage (12 months) • Treated twice with 2% • product of glyphosate

  8. Re-growth from rhizomes

  9. Re-growth from spores

  10. Management Concerns

  11. Herbicide Translocation

  12. Growth Rates (4 months) Re-sprouts from rhizomes can grow ca. 3.8 meters per year New Sporophytes can grow ca. 1.9 meters per year

  13. Rhizome Example Fronds Rhizome

  14. Sporophyte Development from Soil Samples

  15. Sporophyte Example

  16. Spore Germination Rates

  17. Non-TargetDamage

  18. Loxahatchee N.W.R. tree islands Change in Native Vegetation (1 year post-treatment)

  19. 7 Years post treatment (aerial) Bird Rookery Swamp- Follow-up includes annualground treatments 1 Year post treatment (ground) Avon Park Bombing Range

  20. Adjacent Private LandsBird Rookery Swamp

  21. Percent Cover % Native Plant Cover % Lygodium Cover

  22. Conclusions • Herbicide translocation does not occur horizontally along rhizomes • There is the potential for > 800 rachis sprouts from the rhizome per square meter • New sporophytes per square meter can be > 4400 • Fertile leaflets begin to develop in < 4 months • Spores can remain viable for at least 7 years • Germination rates can be as high as 96% • Private lands remain a source of spores • Perpetual management problem!

  23. Acknowledgements • Florida Department of Environmental Protection • South Florida Water Management District • St. John’s River Water Management District • U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service • Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council

  24. Any Questions

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