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Podcasting is functional Extra slides Larger format slides

Podcasting is functional Extra slides Larger format slides. Inflammation. Inflammation - local accumulation of fluid and cells involved in the immune response - State of Inflammation is induced - increased swelling, pain, heat and redness. Blood capillary dilation = heat = redness

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Podcasting is functional Extra slides Larger format slides

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  1. Podcasting is functional • Extra slides • Larger format slides

  2. Inflammation • Inflammation - local accumulation of fluid and cells involved in the immune response - State of Inflammation is induced - increased swelling, pain, heat and redness. • Blood capillary dilation = heat = redness • Vascular dilation = swelling = pain • Extravasation - change in adhesiveness of the endothelial tissue allowing immune cells to attach and migrate into the connective tissue

  3. Figure 1-11 part 1 of 2 Flowchart of Hematopoiesis Pluripotent stem cell

  4. Figure 1-11 Flowchart of Hematopoiesis Leukocytes

  5. Myeloid Lineage

  6. Figure 1-9 part 3 of 6 Granulocytes (Myeloid progenitor) Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMLs) Neutrophils: Most abundant Phagocyte Effector cells of Innate Immunity Short-lived - Pus Eosinophils: Worms/intestinal parasites Amplify inflammation Bind IgE Very Toxic - Pathogen and host Chronic asthma Basophils: Rare Unknown function Bind to IgE

  7. Circulate in blood • Bigger than PMLs • Look similar • Immature form of macrophage • Scavengers • Phagocytose pathogens, cells, debris • Secrete cytokines

  8. Figure 1-13

  9. Figure 1-14

  10. Star-shape • In tissue • Cellular messenger • Cargo cell • Connective tissue • Unknown progenitor • Granules • Degranulation major contributor to inflammation and allergies

  11. Large lymphocytes NK cells Innate immunity Small lymphocytes B cells T cells Adaptive immunity Lymphoid Lineage Cells

  12. Figure 1-9 part 2 of 6 Lymp • Large lymphocyte with granular cytoplasm • Effector cell of innate immunity

  13. Adaptive IR • Small and immature • Activated by pathogen • Two types • - B cell • - T cell • B cells have B cell receptors and secrete Ab • T cells have T cell receptors

  14. Erythroid Lineage

  15. Figure 1-9 part 6 of 6 • Giant nucleus • Resident of bone marrow • Fusion of precursor cells • Fragments to make platelets • Gas transport • Infected by Plasmodium falciparum

  16. Figure 1-11 part 2 of 2 Lymphoid Myeloid Erythroid

  17. Plasma White blood cells Red blood cells Centrifuged blood sample

  18. Figure 1-12

  19. 20 45H 55H

  20. Figure 1-15 Sites of Lymphoid Tissue Mouth-3 billion neutrophils/day Primary and Secondary GALT, BALT, MALT Lymph Recirculation

  21. Figure 1-16 Draining Lymph node Edema Afferent and Efferent

  22. Figure 1-17 part 1 of 2

  23. B-cell area (follicle)

  24. Lymphocytes Efferent lymph artery Lymphocyte not activated T-cell area Afferent lymph Pathogen Dendritic cells Activated by dendritic cell T helper cell (lymph node) T helper cell (Infection site) Cytotoxic T cell (Infection site) Activate B cells Activate Macrophages Kills infected host cells Make Antibodies

  25. Figure 1-19 Anatomy of immune function in the Spleen • Blood filtering organ • Blood borne pathogens • Red pulp - red cells • White pulp - Immune system

  26. Figure 1-20 M cells Activated lymphocytes

  27. Adaptive Immunity • Vertebrates only • Specificity - recognition modules - BCR, Ab and TCR - gene rearrangement is the source of diversity - clonal selection • Small lymphocytes - types and sub-types - functions

  28. Recognition concept Receptor or Antibody molecule Antigen - structure recognized by an Ab, BCR or TCR Epitope - particular sub-structure of the Ag that is bound Affinity - how much a molecule likes to bind to a structure

  29. Small lymphocyte sub-types B-cells BCR is Immunoglobulin (Ig) Plasma cells - effector cells that secrete Ab T-cells Tc = cytotoxic (CD8+) TH = helper T-cells (CD4+) Th1 (inflammation) Th2 (help B-cells make AB)

  30. Recognition modules of Adaptive immunity B cells T cells

  31. B-cells T-cell

  32. Figure 1-25 Extracellular pathogens Intracellular pathogens

  33. Figure 1-26 MHC class I communicates with Tc cells

  34. Figure 1-27 MHC class II communicates with TH cells

  35. Parasitic infection Parasite + Mast cell • Neutralization • Opsonization • Inflammation Inflammation Mast cell activated Expel and/or destroy pathogen

  36. Principles of Adaptive Immunity Diversity Specificity Memory Self-tolerance

  37. Gene Rearrangement is the source of Diversity Germline configuration Diversity Alternative combinations Imprecise joints Different types of chains B-cells - somatic hypermutation In the absence of antigen

  38. Clonal Selection Each cell = one receptor Millions of lymphocytes are generated Small subset will recognize a pathogen Proliferation and differentiation Acquired immunity - the adaptive immunity provided by immunological memory

  39. Figure 1-22

  40. Figure 1-30

  41. Polio Vaccine - Inactive vs Oral “live” version

  42. Figure 1-28 Mechanism of Self-tolerance

  43. Immunodeficiencies Inherited deficiencies Stress induced Pathogen caused deficiencies

  44. Figure 1-32 Cells and molecules involved in Hypersensitivity Diseases • IgE • IgG • CD4 TH1 • CD8 CTL

  45. Figure 1-33 Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

  46. Figure 1-34

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