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Understanding Conformity in Social Pressure Situations

Explore definitions, studies like Sherif and Asch, reasons for conformity, obedience vs. compliance, Milgram study insights, situational pressures, the power of experiments, and influencing factors like the Hawthorne effect. Learn about techniques such as foot-in-the-door and door-in-the-face, as well as concepts like obligation and reactance.

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Understanding Conformity in Social Pressure Situations

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Presentation Transcript

  1. conformity Giving in to social pressure

  2. definitions • Conformity - acting or believing because of social pressure • compliance - doing what someone asks you to do

  3. conformity • Everyone else is doing it • Deliberate social pressure • not necessarily because you think it is right

  4. Sherif’s study • point of light in dark room • appears to move • Autokinetic effect • impossible to judge distance • someone says 2 inches • subject agrees

  5. Asch • Judgments of lines • easy to make

  6. 10 of 15

  7. First few trials everyone gives right answer • then everyone gives wrong answer • what does the subject do? • many give the wrong answer

  8. 13 of 15

  9. 15 of 15

  10. Why do people conform? • Two main reasons • Information • Normative

  11. Informational • Sherif situation • ambiguous, no experience • others provide information • rational response

  12. Normative pressure • Asch situation – clear, unambiguous • just because other do • not want to be deviant

  13. Obedience and compliance compliance - doing what someone asks you to do Obedience – similar but less choice

  14. Milgram Study • Not conformity - no group pressure • Obedience • but why?

  15. Does it mean people are terrible?That they will do anything?That it explains Nazi behavior? Or Bosnia, Cambodia etc.?

  16. NO! • Given the right situation people will comply or be obedient • not necessarily bad or weak people

  17. Situational pressure • Authority figure • strange situation • told there was no choice • trust experimenter • also - psychology experiment • very powerful • contract

  18. The power of the experiment • Orne - hypnosis study • hypnotized • pretend to be hypnotized • neither

  19. Ask each person to: • Reach into cage with snake • pick dime out of nitric acid • throw acid in person’s face

  20. results

  21. results • Controls did quite a lot • hypnotized did more than controls • pretend did even more than hypnotized

  22. Compliance - other factors

  23. the Hawthorne effect • Move to special room • pay depended on groups of sex • two 5 minute rest periods • two 10 minute rest periods • six 5 minute rest periods • light lunch provided

  24. Work stopped half-hour early • work stopped an hour early • work stopped an hour and half early • five day workweek (from six) • all original conditions reinstated

  25. results Work increased with every change

  26. Why? • Special treatment felt good • assumed changes were for the better • were happy and wanted to please • were compliant

  27. Foot-in-the-door • Small request first vs. no small request • large request later

  28. No first contact • agree only • agree and 8 questions • 3 days later - large request

  29. results

  30. Safe driving study • Petition for environment • petition for safe driving • Small sign for environment • small sign for safe driving • huge sign for safe driving

  31. results

  32. door-in-the-face • huge request first • small request second

  33. results

  34. Obligation - favors • Pleasant or unpleasant person • person brings a coke • experimenter brings a coke • no coke • person asks a favor - selling raffle tickets

  35. results

  36. reactance • Jack Brehm • too much pressure or too obvious • resist threats to freedom of action • opposite effect

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