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Acids and Bases

This lesson focuses on the fundamental concepts of acids and bases, their properties, and reactions. Students will work in groups to create mind maps detailing the characteristics and uses of acids—such as their sour taste—and bases, such as their bitter taste. The class will conduct Experiment 13 to test various substances for acidity and basicity using universal indicators and red cabbage indicator, recording their observations and comparing results. Discussions on neutralization reactions will highlight the interaction of acids and bases, supported by mix-and-match activities available on the intranet.

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Acids and Bases

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  1. Acids and Bases And Neutralisation Reactions p. 80-82

  2. What are acids? Working together with your bench group & using the information in your text book (Ch 4 p 80), expand this Mind Map Acids eg Have a sour taste Are used for

  3. What are bases? • Working together with your bench group, expand this Mind Map bases eg Have a bitter taste (think of baking soda!) Are used for

  4. Experiment 13: Testing for Acids and Bases Aims: • to determine which substances are acids and bases using universal indicator • to compare the colour produced using plant indicators with those produced using universal indicator

  5. Materials • Glass plate with wells • Droppers • Universal indicator • Colour chart • Red Cabbage Indicator • Hydrochloric acid (HCl) • Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) • Vinegar • Lemon Juice • Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) • Water (from tap) • Other Substances as supplied

  6. Method • Collect the substances listed above and place about 0.5 ml in separate wells on the glass plate, as shown. • Use a new well for each substance. • Add two drops of Universal indicator to each well • Record the colour that the indicator became • Use the glass test plate outline supplied to estimate the pH and record this also. • Test these substances with Red Cabbage Indicator and record the colours on a new sheet • Hydrochloric acid (HCl) • Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) • Vinegar • Lemon Juice • Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) • Water (from tap) • Copy the table on the next slide into your workbook • Safety Issues?

  7. Comparing Indicators

  8. Neutralisation Reactions • Acids and bases react together! (Remember the vinegar and Bicarb?) • The general overall word equation is Acid + Base a Salt + water Except if you use a bicarbonate or carbonate (which are bases) and then it’s Acid + bicarbonate/carbonate  a Salt + water + carbon dioxide

  9. Try This! • Put a small amount of vinegar + 2 drops only of indicator in a test tube • Add 0.1 M NaOH drop by drop • Can you get the pH to be just 7?

  10. Activities • On the Intranet in the Acids and Bases Section try • GEMS Alien Juice Bar • Treasure Puzzle

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