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Basic Computer Concepts Types of Information Systems. Knowledge-based system. Ø. uses knowledge-based techniques that supports decision-making and is capable of cooperating with users of information systems. v. Transaction Processing Systems Management Information Systems

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  1. BasicComputerConcepts TypesofInformation Systems Knowledge-basedsystem Ø usesknowledge-basedtechniquesthat supportsdecision-makingandiscapableof cooperatingwithusersofinformation systems v TransactionProcessingSystems ManagementInformationSystems ExpertSystems ExecutiveInformationSystemsorArtificial Intelligence DecisionSupportSystems Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø TypesofInformationSystems *PropertyofSTI Page1of23

  2. BasicComputerConcepts TransactionProcessing System transactionprocessingsystemwasoneofthe systemsthatmanyorganizationswereusingin thefirstgeneration Payrollsystemwasthefirsttransaction processingsystem FeaturesofTPS Ø Ø Ø Rapidresponse Reliability Inflexibility Controlledprocessing v v v v MethodsofTPS Ø Batchprocessing On-lineorReal-timeprocessingorOn-line transactionprocessing(OLTP) On-lineentrywithdelayedprocessing v v v TypesofInformationSystems *PropertyofSTI Page2of23

  3. BasicComputerConcepts Management InformationSystems anintegratedcomputersystemforbusiness andotherorganizationsthatcollectsand analyzesinformationfromalldepartmentsto supportoperations,managementanddecision- makingfunctions OutputsofMIS Ø Ø Scheduledreports Key-indicatorreports Demandreports Exceptionreports v v v v TypesofInformationSystems *PropertyofSTI Page3of23

  4. BasicComputerConcepts DatabaseManagement Systems(DBMS) collectionofcomputerprogramsthatallow userstostore,modifyandextractinformation fromadatabase Ø database-asystematiccollectionof relatedinformationorganizedinsucha waythatacomputerprogramcanquickly selectdesiredpiecesofinformation field-asinglepieceofinformation record-onecompletesetoffields file-acollectionofrecords v v v v TypesofInformationSystems *PropertyofSTI Page4of23

  5. BasicComputerConcepts DatabaseManagement Systems(DBMS) TypesofInformationSystems *PropertyofSTI Page5of23

  6. BasicComputerConcepts DatabaseManagement Systems(DBMS) Exampleofafile,record,andfield v TypesofInformationSystems *PropertyofSTI Page6of23

  7. BasicComputerConcepts DatabaseManagement Systems(DBMS) QueryLanguageisaspecializedlanguagethat allowsuserstorequestinformationfromthe database SEQUEL(StructuredEnglishQueryLanguage) Benefits of DBMS Ø Ø Ø CustomerDetailsDatabase BusinessSalesDatabase DatabaseInventory SearchableDatabase ConfidentialInformationDatabases v v v v v TypesofInformationSystems *PropertyofSTI Page7of23

  8. BasicComputerConcepts DatabaseManagement Systems(DBMS) HierarchicalDatabase TypesofInformationSystems

  9. BasicComputerConcepts DatabaseManagement Systems(DBMS) NetworkDatabase TypesofInformationSystems

  10. BasicComputerConcepts DatabaseManagement Systems(DBMS) RelationalDatabaseManagementSystems (RDBMS) Ø basedonarelationalmodeldevelopedby E.F.Codd dataandrelationsareorganizedintables atableisacollectionofrecordsandeach recordinatablecontainsthesamefields certainfieldsmaybedesignatedaskeys, suchthatwhensearchingforaparticular field,thekeyswillserveasindicesto speedupthesearch v v v v TypesofInformationSystems

  11. BasicComputerConcepts DatabaseManagement Systems CharacteristicsofGoodDatabase ManagementSystem Ø atomicity consistency isolation durability v v v v TypesofInformationSystems *PropertyofSTI Page11of23

  12. BasicComputerConcepts ExpertSystems Itcontainknowledge-basecontaining accumulatedexperienceandsetofrules Advantages Ø Ø usedforsolvingthedifficultproblems, usuallythosethatrequirehighlevelsof expertiseonthepartofhumanproblem solvers provideincreasedconsistencyand standardizationofthetechniquesusedin solvingtheproblem differentanalystsusingthesameprogram willobtainthesameresults suitableforproblemsthatinvolves diagnosis,designandinterpretation v v v v TypesofInformationSystems *PropertyofSTI Page12of23

  13. BasicComputerConcepts ExpertSystems Applications Ø medicaldiagnosis chemicalanalysis genetics geology computerfaultdiagnosis VLSIdesign softwaredevelopmentanddebugging configuringcomputersystems financialanalysis education v v v v v v v v v v TypesofInformationSystems *PropertyofSTI Page13of23

  14. BasicComputerConcepts ExpertSystems Rule-basedExpertSystemArchitecture TypesofInformationSystems *PropertyofSTI Page14of23

  15. BasicComputerConcepts ExpertSystems Guidelines Ø theneedforasolutionmustjustifythe costsinvolvedindevelopment humanexpertiseisnotavailableinall situationswhereitisneeded theproblemmaybesolvedusingsymbolic reasoningtechniques theproblemiswell-structuredanddoes notrequire(much)commonsense knowledge theproblemcannotbeeasilysolvedusing moretraditionalcomputingmethods cooperativeandarticulateexpertsexist theproblemisofpropersizeandscope v v v v v v v TypesofInformationSystems *PropertyofSTI Page15of23

  16. BasicComputerConcepts ExpertSystems Thisexamplewillidentifyifacertain Norwegiancoinis20Kroner,5Kroneror1 Kroner. Ø 1. 2. Identifythevariables •SIZE •COLOR •DECORATION Assigntherangeofvaluesforeach variable •SIZE •Diameteris>25mm •Diameteris<25mm •COLOR •Silver •Bronze •DECORATION •Head •Crown •Ship •Lion TypesofInformationSystems *PropertyofSTI Page16of23

  17. BasicComputerConcepts ExpertSystems 3.Therulesareconstructedbasedonthe combinationofattributes RULES: Ø IFSIZE>25mmandCOLORisBronzeand DECORATIONisShipthencoinis20Kroner IFSIZE<25mmandCOLORisSilverand DECORATIONisCrownthencoinis1Kroner IFSIZE>25mmandCOLORissilverand DCORATIONisLionthencoinis5Kroner v v v TypesofInformationSystems *PropertyofSTI Page17of23

  18. BasicComputerConcepts ExecutiveInformation Systems atoolthatprovidesdirecton-lineaccessto relevantinformationinausefulandnavigable format differfromothertraditionalinformation systemsinseveralways Ø Ø specificallytailoredtotheexecutive’s needs abletoaccessdataaboutthespecific issuesandproblemsaswellasaggregate results provideextensiveon-lineanalysis,tools includingtrendanalysisandexception reportingcapability accessabroadrangeofinternaland externaldata particularlyeasytouse,eithermouse drivenortouchscreen useddirectlybyexecutiveswithout assistance presentinformationinagraphicalform v v v v v v v TypesofInformationSystems *PropertyofSTI Page18of23

  19. BasicComputerConcepts ExecutiveInformation Systems(EIS) Purpose Ø tosupportmanageriallearningaboutan organization,itsworkprocess,andits interactionwiththeexternalenvironment toallowtimelyaccessinformation todirectmanagementattentiontospecific areasoftheorganizationorspecific businessproblems v v v TypesofInformationSystems *PropertyofSTI Page19of23

  20. BasicComputerConcepts ExecutiveInformation Systems(EIS) Guidelines Ø EISmeasuresmustbeeasytounderstand. EISmeasuresmustbebasedonabalanced viewoftheorganization’sobjectives. PerformanceindicatorsinanEISmust reflecteveryone’scontributioninafair andconsistentmanner. EISmeasuresmustencouragemanagement andstafftoshareownershipofthe organization’sobjectives. EISinformationmustbeavailableto everyoneintheorganization. EISmeasuresmustevolvetomeetthe changingneedsoftheorganization. v v v v v v TypesofInformationSystems *PropertyofSTI Page20of23

  21. BasicComputerConcepts ExecutiveInformation Systems(EIS) CharacteristicsofanEIS Ø Easeofuse Offerawiderangeofcomputingresources Handleavarietyofinternalandexternal, bothhardandsoft Performsophisticateddataanalysis Offerahighdegreeofspecialization Provideflexibility Providecomprehensivecommunications abilities Supportallaspectsofdecisionmaking v v v v v v v v TypesofInformationSystems *PropertyofSTI Page21of23

  22. BasicComputerConcepts DecisionSupport Systems “ManagementDecisionSystems” interactivecomputer-basedsystemfor informingandsupportingdecision-makers typicalinformationthatadecisionsupport systemmightgatherandpresentwouldbe: Ø Ø Ø comparativesalesfigures projectedrevenuefiguresbasedonnew productsalesassumptions consequencesofdifferentdecision alternatives,givenpastexperiencesina contextthatisdescribed v v v TypesofInformationSystems *PropertyofSTI Page22of23

  23. BasicComputerConcepts DecisionSupport Systems CharacteristicsofaDecisionSupportSystems Ø Handlelargeamountsofdata Obtainandprocessfromdifferentsources Providereportandpresentationflexibility Havebothtextualandgraphical orientation Performcomplex,sophisticatedanalysis andcomparisonsusingadvancedsoftware packages Supportoptimization,satisfying,and heuristicapproaches Perform“what-if”andgoal-seeking analysis v v v v v v v TypesofInformationSystems *PropertyofSTI Page23of23

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