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Chapter 9 The Americas

Chapter 9 The Americas. ~The earliest Americans came from Asia and migrated throughout the continent over several thousand years. ~It is believed that they came over the Bering Strait land bridge (beringia) looking/following for Animals for food. How did we get here?. Beringia :.

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Chapter 9 The Americas

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  1. Chapter 9The Americas

  2. ~The earliest Americans came from Asia and migrated throughout the continent over several thousand years. ~It is believed that they came over the Bering Strait land bridge (beringia) looking/following for Animals for food. How did we get here?

  3. Beringia: Bering Strait land bridge

  4. A. Pacific Northwest Culture -relied on fishing -weavers and woodworkers. -Totem poles -represented their history. -held festive gatherings called potlatches where chief or clan leader would display the clan’s material goods, such as canoes or blankets. 9.2 Cultures of North America

  5. Totem Poles

  6. B. Southwest (Hohokam and Pueblo) • present-day southern Arizona • Farming (created irrigation networks) to grow beans, corn, and cotton. • climate changes led the Hohokam to abandon their communities

  7. C. Great Plains • Used Buffalo as their livelihood • [food, shelter (teepee)] • used tools and pottery • farmed beans, corn, and squash • lived in square or rectangular houses • A.D. 1400 Great Plains life was • challenged by peoples arrived on the • plains & pushing them out • droughts made farming impossible • some left in order to survive.

  8. D. Eastern Woodlands • The Hopewell left behind many earthen • mounds, perhaps used for burial ( jewelry, tools, • and weapons found) • Objects found proved trade connected • diverse peoples across North America. • The Mississippians (along the Mississippi • River as far east as S.C.) • Successful farming methods allowed complex • and extensive culture to flourish • mounds marked a central plaza, in the middle • of which stood a temple built on a much larger • mound. • The city of Cahokia, located near the present-day city of • East St. Louis, was the largest of the ceremonial centers • of North America. • Cahokia was home to perhaps 30,000 people

  9. Mesoamerica and Andean South America Chapter 9 Section 3

  10. Olmec – Earliest civilization in Mexico • Large farming class and small group of elite *Elite – Military, Political, Religious power 3. Worshipped a god that was half human/half jaguar Olmec and Chavin

  11. Most advanced culture in the Americas • Located on the Yucatan Peninsula (current day Guatemala & Belize) to El Salvador • Classical Mayan Period (900-1200AD) • Built many large pyramids • Developed the only writing system in the early Americas – Based on Hieroglyphs • Religion – Complex and polytheistic * Built pyramids for Worship *Tied to agriculture *Most important God – Rain God * Used blood sacrifice of everyone in the city-state plus captured warriors *Human Sacrifices to Gods for rain * obsessed with counting and passage of time • Astronomy – Developed a calendar for agriculture • Developed a number system that included zero Maya 250AD-1440AD

  12. Mexico

  13. Mayan Ruins

  14. a. Itzamna-supreme god of creation b. Ix Chel- goddess of weaving, divination, medicine, and childbirth c. Kukulcan- feathered serpent god of Kings; the maya version of Quetzalcoatl (Aztec god) d. Universe had four directions 1. E-red 2. N-white 3. W-black 4. S-yellow Mayan Gods

  15. 1. Hmen or medicine people tried to fight sickness 2. Used chants and herbal medicines to treat patients 3. Healers were mainly women versed in using herbs 4.People of Mesoamerica used peyote to induce Hallucinations for religious experience Mayan Medicine

  16. Absolute monarch who ruled the city-state • Learning was important to the culture- history written in books known as codexs – today there are 4 in existence • Only nobles in the government could run trade between city-states Mayan Government

  17. Population declined and people fled the city *Farming methods wore out the soils *Warfare *Peasant Revolt Causes of Decline for Maya

  18. Central Mexico • Military society • Quetzalcoatl – Toltec God *Became the chief god of ancient Mexico. 4. Practiced human sacrifice Toltec

  19. Quetzalcoatl

  20. Central Mexico • Lived on an island in Lake Texcoco • Capital – Tenochititlan (200,000 people lived here) • Farmed on chinampas – raised fields made with mud taken from the bottom of lakes. Still used today • Military Society Aztec

  21. Chinampas

  22. Chinampas

  23. Tenochititlan

  24. Andes Mountains • Incas means “Children of the Sun” • Capital – Cuzco • Advanced society *Irrigation *Est. Education *Paved Roads *Surplus of foods • Quechua – Official language of Incan Empire • Quipu – Kept records with a series of knots on strings. *Records for harvest, population, and important dates JUANITA (PG. 211) WAS THE INCA HOMECOMING QUEEN Incas

  25. Quipu

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