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The Americas

The Americas. Jade Azari Sonora Hospital-Medina Philip Straus. The Dutch Society. -New Amsterdam = capital -first establishment= Hudson River. -very diverse society -Peter Minuet= governor of New Netherland -German who spoke English.

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The Americas

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  1. The Americas Jade Azari Sonora Hospital-Medina Philip Straus

  2. The Dutch Society -New Amsterdam = capital -first establishment= Hudson River. -very diverse society -Peter Minuet= governor of New Netherland -German who spoke English

  3. -Netherlands practiced religious tolerance  people were not persecuted  less immigrants (Europe) entered for religious freedom -Dutch = main language. -however, Native American and English also spoken

  4. Politics -Dutch West India Company -governing body for the Dutch -Netherlands lost much territory to other European countries -e.g., Brazil to Portugal and New Netherland to England

  5. New Netherland -capital = New Amsterdam -Present day NYC -governors were appointed to protect interests of DWIC -New Amsterdam had effects on NYC - 1674: taken over by British

  6. Economy -Dutch interested in beaver fur -traded with Iroquois Indians -Caribbean colonies produced rum and molasses -Dutch merchants involved- involved with foreign economies

  7. Dutch West India Company (1621) -eliminated Spanish, French, etc. competition -company controlled Dutch trade and colonies -1674: bankrupt -most important economic colonies=in Africa and East Indies

  8. French: Explorations -Jacques Cartier -1491-1557 - St. Lawrence River-chief route to North America -Samuel de Champlain- most notable subsequent French explorer -1567-1635

  9. French: The Beaver -commercial exchange and convert to Catholicism -Indians caught beavers, traded barbed underfur -textiles, cooking pots, guns, disease -used for pelt, leather/suede, felt

  10. French: Bond -Europeans depended on knowledge of Indians -familiarity of habitats -forced French to adapt to Indian -beaver trade v.s. bond -strengthened ‘bond’ (for more trade) by marrying -metis : French-Indian offspring

  11. England’s Landed Empire -no metal=good land for crop growing -hunger for land at expense of Indians -demand for farmland=bad relashionship -led to wars (1630s and 1670s) –Indians v.s. newcomers

  12. Virginia -impulse for colonization—more commercial, less religious -tobacco -1620s: tobaccofailingeconomycommercialpheonix -prosperity -brought English men and women to Virginia

  13. -hunger for plantations = dispossession of Indians -English- based New World Empire on land ownership -pushed borders deep into Indian territory

  14. -English-Caribbean island=Barbados -sugarcane plantations-English and French -no one power over region-competition fierce -indigenous people decimated  workers from Africa -sugar- killing crop -environment=deadly

  15. Slaves -immune to diseases, but couldn’t withstand regimen -poor food -atrocious living conditions -filthy sanitation -treated as nonhumans -branded -worked to death

  16. Slave Resistance -violent revolts -Panama -crown banned slave trade from region -”maroon communities” -English took Jamaica from Spanish -premier sight of Caribbean sugar by 1740’s

  17. Bibliography • Feinstein-Johnson, Kelly. A Brief History of the Beaver Trade. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2010. <http://people.ucsc.edu/~kfeinste/furtrade.html>. • "Fur Trade." The Canadian Encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2010. <http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=a1ARTA0003112>. • Oliver A. Rink, Holland on the Hudson: An Economic and Social History of Dutch New York, Ithaca, NY: Cornell, 1986; Dennis J. Maika, Commerce and Community: Manhattan Merchants in the Seventeenth Century, Ph.D. Dissertation, New York University, 1995; John Franklin Jameson, Narratives of New Netherland, 1609-1664, New York: Scribner, 1909. • *Israel, J.I., "Dutch primacy in world trade, 1585-1740", Oxford University Press, 1989 • Tignor, Robert, et al. Worlds Together Worlds Apart Volume Two. New York: W.W. 
     Norton & Company, 2008, 2002. Print.

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