The Americas Jade Azari Sonora Hospital-Medina Philip Straus
The Dutch Society -New Amsterdam = capital -first establishment= Hudson River. -very diverse society -Peter Minuet= governor of New Netherland -German who spoke English
-Netherlands practiced religious tolerance people were not persecuted less immigrants (Europe) entered for religious freedom -Dutch = main language. -however, Native American and English also spoken
Politics -Dutch West India Company -governing body for the Dutch -Netherlands lost much territory to other European countries -e.g., Brazil to Portugal and New Netherland to England
New Netherland -capital = New Amsterdam -Present day NYC -governors were appointed to protect interests of DWIC -New Amsterdam had effects on NYC - 1674: taken over by British
Economy -Dutch interested in beaver fur -traded with Iroquois Indians -Caribbean colonies produced rum and molasses -Dutch merchants involved- involved with foreign economies
Dutch West India Company (1621) -eliminated Spanish, French, etc. competition -company controlled Dutch trade and colonies -1674: bankrupt -most important economic colonies=in Africa and East Indies
French: Explorations -Jacques Cartier -1491-1557 - St. Lawrence River-chief route to North America -Samuel de Champlain- most notable subsequent French explorer -1567-1635
French: The Beaver -commercial exchange and convert to Catholicism -Indians caught beavers, traded barbed underfur -textiles, cooking pots, guns, disease -used for pelt, leather/suede, felt
French: Bond -Europeans depended on knowledge of Indians -familiarity of habitats -forced French to adapt to Indian -beaver trade v.s. bond -strengthened ‘bond’ (for more trade) by marrying -metis : French-Indian offspring
England’s Landed Empire -no metal=good land for crop growing -hunger for land at expense of Indians -demand for farmland=bad relashionship -led to wars (1630s and 1670s) –Indians v.s. newcomers
Virginia -impulse for colonization—more commercial, less religious -tobacco -1620s: tobaccofailingeconomycommercialpheonix -prosperity -brought English men and women to Virginia
-hunger for plantations = dispossession of Indians -English- based New World Empire on land ownership -pushed borders deep into Indian territory
-English-Caribbean island=Barbados -sugarcane plantations-English and French -no one power over region-competition fierce -indigenous people decimated workers from Africa -sugar- killing crop -environment=deadly
Slaves -immune to diseases, but couldn’t withstand regimen -poor food -atrocious living conditions -filthy sanitation -treated as nonhumans -branded -worked to death
Slave Resistance -violent revolts -Panama -crown banned slave trade from region -”maroon communities” -English took Jamaica from Spanish -premier sight of Caribbean sugar by 1740’s
Bibliography • Feinstein-Johnson, Kelly. A Brief History of the Beaver Trade. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2010. <http://people.ucsc.edu/~kfeinste/furtrade.html>. • "Fur Trade." The Canadian Encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2010. <http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=a1ARTA0003112>. • Oliver A. Rink, Holland on the Hudson: An Economic and Social History of Dutch New York, Ithaca, NY: Cornell, 1986; Dennis J. Maika, Commerce and Community: Manhattan Merchants in the Seventeenth Century, Ph.D. Dissertation, New York University, 1995; John Franklin Jameson, Narratives of New Netherland, 1609-1664, New York: Scribner, 1909. • *Israel, J.I., "Dutch primacy in world trade, 1585-1740", Oxford University Press, 1989 • Tignor, Robert, et al. Worlds Together Worlds Apart Volume Two. New York: W.W.
Norton & Company, 2008, 2002. Print.
