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The Americas

The Americas. 600-1450. Aztecs. Originally northern people with clan-based organization. Aztec social contract. Social stratification pronounced Human sacrifice Some area left independent to create war/human sacrifice Religion and ideology of conquest

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The Americas

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  1. The Americas 600-1450

  2. Aztecs • Originally northern people with clan-based organization

  3. Aztec social contract • Social stratification pronounced • Human sacrifice • Some area left independent to create war/human sacrifice • Religion and ideology of conquest • Worshipped large number of gods incl. Huitzilopochtli 1325-1519 build Tenochtitlan: The Foundation of Heaven • Arrived in Valley of Mexico in 1325 • Grew on reclaimed swampland • Thousands transported for forced labor and human sacrifice

  4. Tenochtitlan: The Foundation of Heaven

  5. Aztec Economy • Tribute System • Chinampas • Merchants operated all markets • Merchants distance from and subordinate to elite traded long-distance • State controlled all trade

  6. Andes - - > Inca • Four ecological zones • Coast • Mountain valleys • Higher Elevations • Amazon region • Goods were exchanged through a network of trade routes

  7. 1200-1230 Founding of Incan State • Manco Capac consults Inti • “big ears” • Moved to Cuzco • Married daughters of elites to weaker groups • Capac – aligned with sun god

  8. Inca – political and economic organization • Emperor almost considered a god • Empire divided into four great provinces each ruled by a governor • Priests and noblemen influenced politics • Left local rulers in place • Economy based on agriculture • Allyu – agricultural village • Mit’a labor system

  9. Inca – social organization • Small communities aimed at self-sufficiency • Men and women had gender-specific, but virtually equal jobs • Men: hunting, war, government • Women: wove, cared for crops and the home • Developed strong professional military • Split inheritance • Property passed though men and women • Women did not serve as head of ayllus • Some women forced into concubinage or given to temples • No distinct merchant class

  10. Incan cultural achievement • Did not introduce new technology, but made efficient use of existing technologies • Proficient metallurgists • Used quipus • Developed monumental architecture and roads

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